Storage
Name:
Storage
Detailed information:
Any method of keeping raw materials, chemicals, food products, and energy while awaiting use, transportation, or consumption. The term storage is often applied to various types of wastes, but the more accurate word is disposal.See Radioactive Waste; Chemical Waste; Waste Control.(1) Raw materials. Normally storage is in suitably protected and well-ventilated interior areas at ambient temperature. Outdoor storage is practicable in some cases, e.g., logs for pulpwood, certain bulk solids and liquids received in metal or fiber drums. Storage of flammable liquids in large underground tanks is standard practice (gasoline, fuel oil). Hygroscopic materials(paper, textiles) should be in a humidity-controlled environment. Combustible materials that tend to build up internal heat on long standing at high ambient temperature (cellulosics such as paper, hay, grain; bulk wool; and certain vegetable oils) should be stored in well-ventilated areas.(2) Chemicals. Materials that may react to form hazardous products in case of spillage should be kept well separated. Oxidizing agents (nitrates, peroxides, etc.) should not be stored near reducing or combustible materials. Heat-sensitive materials should be kept away from hot pipes or other heat sources, especially in the case of flammable liquids. Chemicals that will ignite spontaneously in air or react with water vapor require special storage conditions to keep them out of contact with air. See pyrophoric.Reactive organic monomers that tend to polymerize at room temperature, e.g., styrene, must contain an inhibitor when stored or shipped.(3) Food Products. Long shelf life at or near room temperature is highly desirable for processed foods. This is achieved partly by the use of antioxidants and other preservatives and partly by processing techniques. Much experimental work has been done in this field. Refrigerated storage at temperatures near 4.5C is used for meats, eggs, and other dairy products. Meats and quick-frozen foods can be stored indefinitely at or below −18C. Controlled-atmosphere storage to retard postharvest ripening is used for unprocessed fruits and vegetables. See Aging(2); atmosphere, controlled.(4) Energy. The conventional method of storing energy is by means of primary and secondary batteries.See Dry Cell; Storage Battery.The growing need for energy conservation has stimulated research on new and more effective methods, especially in regard to solar and wind energy, the collection of which is intermittent or nonuniform. Two such methods are in limited use. One (for electric power plants) involves compressing air with off-peak electricity and storing it in subterranean cavities from which it can be withdrawn when needed. The other (for domestic use) involves electrically heating refractory bricks at night at off-peak rates; the stored heat is given up during the day with 90% energy recovery. A number of other techniques are in the experimental stage: use of Glauber's salt, which has seven times the heat capacity of water, for storing solar energy; specialized batteries; so-called solar ponds; groundwater heated by solar or industrial process heat and returned to underground storage; and mechanical devices such as flywheel technology.(5) For information on storage, see Chemical Data Storage.
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