Table of contents:
MF: C5H4O2
MW: 96.08
EINECS: 202-627-7
FURFURAL,it's melting point is about -36 °C(lit.),and bp is 54-56 °C at 11 mm Hg,density is 1.16 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.). it is a colorless oily liquid with the odor of almonds if pure , but it quickly becomes yellow when upon exposure to air .
Furfural dissolves readily in most polar organic solvents, but is only slightly soluble in either water or alkanes. When heated above 250 °C, furfural decomposes into furan and carbon monoxide, sometimes explosively.When heated in the presence of acids, furfural irreversibly solidifies into a hard thermosetting resin.
In 1832, the German chemist Johann Wolfgang D?bereiner ,first isolated furfural ,he formed a very small quantity of it as a byproduct of formic acid synthesis.
In 1840, the Scottish chemist John Stenhouse found that the same chemical could be produced by distilling a wide variety of crop materials, including bran, corn, oats, and sawdust, with aqueous sulfuric acid, and he determined that this chemical had an empirical formula of C5H4O2.
In 1901, the German chemist Carl Harries deduced furfural's structure.
Furfural is used as a solvent in petrochemical refining to extract dienes ( used to make synthetic rubber) from other hydrocarbons.
Furfural, also can be used either by themselves or in together with phenol, acetone, or urea to make solid resins.
Furfural is also used as a chemical intermediate in the production of the solvents furan and tetrahydrofuran.
In the laboratory, synthesis of furfural from corn cobs takes place by reflux with dilute sulfuric acid.
China is the biggest supplier of furfural, and accounts for around half of global capacity.The total global production capacity is about 450,000 tons.
| 1. |
skn-rbt 20 mg/24H MOD |
85JCAE Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky Marhold, J.,Prague, Czechoslovakia.: Avicenum1986,788. | ||
| 2. |
eye-rbt 100 mg/24H MOD |
85JCAE Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky Marhold, J.,Prague, Czechoslovakia.: Avicenum1986,788. | ||
| 3. |
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MLD |
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. 16 (1978),759. | ||
| 4. |
eye-rbt 20 mg/24H MOD |
28ZPAK Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku Marhold, J.V.,Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha,Czechoslovakia.: 1972,139. | ||
| 5. |
eye-rbt 50 mg MLD |
34ZIAG Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals ,Deichmann, W.B.,New York, NY.: Academic Press, Inc.,1969,279. | ||
| 6. |
sln-dmg-par 100 ppm |
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. 7 (1985),677. | ||
| 7. |
sce-hmn:lym 70 µmol/L |
MUREAV Mutation Research. 156 (1985),233. | ||
| 8. |
ihl-hmn TCLo:310 µg/m3 |
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. 26 (6)(1961),3. | ||
| 9. |
orl-rat LD50:65 mg/kg |
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. 13 (1980),371. | ||
| 10. |
ihl-rat LCLo:153 pp |
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. An exothermic polymerization of almost explosive violence can occur upon contact with strong mineral acids or alkalies. Keep away from heat and open flames. Mixture with sodium hydrogen carbonate ignites spontaneously. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Hazard Codes : T,Xi
Risk Statements : 21-23/25-36/37-40
Safety Statements : 26-36/37/39-45-1/2
RIDADR :UN 1199 6.1/PG 2
Contact with furfural irritates the skin and respiratory tract and can cause the lungs to fill with fluid.When ingested or inhaled, furfural can cause intoxication, including euphoria, nausea, headache, dizziness, and eventual unconsciousness and death due to respiratory failure.
Chronic skin exposure can lead to a skin allergy to the substance, as well as an unusual susceptibility to sunburn.
