LookChem
Current position:Home >Hot Product_List > Furfural

Furfural (98-01-1)

Please post your buying leads,so that our qualified suppliers will soon contact you!
* Required Fields
Chemistry

The Molecular Structure of  Furfural (CAS NO.98-01-1):

Empirical Formula: C5H4O2
Molecular Weight: 96.0841 
IUPAC: furan-2-carbaldehyde 
Nominal Mass: 96 Da
Average Mass: 96.0841 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 96.021129 Da 
Index of Refraction: 1.515
Molar Refractivity: 25.3 cm3
Molar Volume: 83.8 cm3
Surface Tension: 36.5 dyne/cm
Density: 1.145 g/cm3
Flash Point: 58.3 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 39.84 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 161.8 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 2.23 mmHg at 25°C 
Storage temp: 2-8°C
Water Solubility: 8.3 g/100 mL
FreezingPoint: -36.5°C
Sensitive: Air Sensitive 
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong acids. Flammable
Appearance: colourless to reddish-brown oily liquid with almond odour
InChI
InChI=1/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
Smiles
c1(ccco1)C=O 
Product Categories: Intermediates;API intermediates;Furans
Synonyms: 2-formylofuran ; 2-Furanaldehyde ; 2-Furancarbonal ; 2-Furancarboxaldehyde (furfural) ; 2-Furankarbaldehyd ; 2-Furfural ; 2-Furfuraldehyde ; 2-Furil-metanale  
It is a colorless oily liquid with the odor of almonds if pure , but it quickly becomes yellow when upon exposure to air . Furfural (CAS NO.98-01-1) dissolves readily in most polar organic solvents, but is only slightly soluble in either water or alkanes. When heated above 250 °C, furfural decomposes into furan and carbon monoxide, sometimes explosively.When heated in the presence of acids, furfural irreversibly solidifies into a hard thermosetting resin.

History

In 1832, the German chemist Johann Wolfgang D?bereiner ,first isolated furfural ,he formed a very small quantity of it as a byproduct of formic acid synthesis. 
In 1840, the Scottish chemist John Stenhouse found that the same chemical could be produced by distilling a wide variety of crop materials, including bran, corn, oats, and sawdust, with aqueous sulfuric acid, and he determined that this chemical had an empirical formula of C5H4O2
In 1901, the German chemist Carl Harries deduced furfural's structure.

Uses

 Furfural (CAS NO.98-01-1) is used as a solvent in petrochemical refining to extract dienes ( used to make synthetic rubber) from other hydrocarbons . Furfural (CAS NO.98-01-1), also can be used either by themselves or in together with phenol, acetone, or urea to make solid resins. Furfural (CAS NO.98-01-1) is also used as a chemical intermediate in the production of the solvents furan and tetrahydrofuran .

Production

In the laboratory, synthesis of furfural from corn cobs takes place by reflux with dilute sulfuric acid. China is the biggest supplier of furfural, and accounts for around half of global capacity.The total global production capacity is about 450,000 tons. 

Toxicity Data With Reference


Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
dog LC50 inhalation 370ppm/6H (370ppm)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 279, 1969.
dog LD50 intravenous 250mg/kg (250mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
dog LD50 oral 950mg/kg (950mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 279, 1969.
dog LD50 subcutaneous 214mg/kg (214mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
frog LDLo parenteral 23gm/kg (23000mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 21, Pg. 65, 1923.
guinea pig LD50 oral 541mg/kg (541mg/kg) LIVER: "HEPATITIS (HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS), ZONAL"
KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: "CHANGES IN TUBULES (INCLUDING ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS)"
BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE
Hygiene and Sanitation Vol. 32(5), Pg. 158, 1967.
guinea pig LDLo subcutaneous 100mg/kg (100mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
human TCLo inhalation 310ug/m3 (0.31mg/m3)   Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 26(6), Pg. 3, 1961.
mouse LCLo inhalation 370ppm/6H (370ppm)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 279, 1969.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 102mg/kg (102mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
mouse LD50 intravenous 152mg/kg (152mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
mouse LD50 oral 400mg/kg (400mg/kg)   Biochemical Journal. Vol. 34, Pg. 1196, 1940.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 119mg/kg (119mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
rabbit LD50 intramuscular 78mg/kg (78mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
rabbit LDLo oral 800mg/kg (800mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 21, Pg. 65, 1923.
rabbit LDLo skin 620mg/kg (620mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 500mg/kg (500mg/kg)   Hygiene and Sanitation Vol. 32(5), Pg. 158, 1967.
rat LC50 inhalation 175ppm/6H (175ppm) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 50, Pg. A359, 1989.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 20mg/kg (20mg/kg)   Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 759, 1978.
rat LD50 oral 65mg/kg (65mg/kg)   Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. Vol. 13, Pg. 371, 1980.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 148mg/kg (148mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 279, 1969.

Consensus Reports

NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage); Clear Evidence: mouse NCITR*    National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD 20014) No. NTP-TR-382,90, . , Some Evidence: rat NCITR*    National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD 20014) No. NTP-TR-382 ,1990. . EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen. Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation and skin contact. Human mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. Mutation data reported. The liquid is dangerous to the eyes. The vapor is irritating to mucous membranes and is a central nervous system poison. However, its low volatility reduces its toxicity effect. Ingestion of furfural has produced cirrhosis of the liver in rats. In industry there is a tendency to minimize the danger of acute effects resulting from exposure to it. This is particularly true because of its low volatility.
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. An exothermic polymerization of almost explosive violence can occur upon contact with strong mineral acids or alkalies. Keep away from heat and open flames. Mixture with sodium hydrogen carbonate ignites spontaneously. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Hazard Codes: IrritantXiToxicT
Risk Statements: 21-23/25-36/37-40 
R21: Harmful in contact with skin
R23/25: Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed
R36/37: Irritating to eyes and respiratory system
R40: Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-1/2 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S1/2: Keep locked up and out of the reach of children
RIDADR: UN 1199 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: LT7000000
F: 1-8-10
F 1: Sensitive to air and humidity
F 8: Photosensitive
F 9: Keep under nitrogen
F 10: Keep under argon
Hazard Note: Irritant
HazardClass: 6.1
PackingGroup: II
Contact with furfural irritates the skin and respiratory tract and can cause the lungs to fill with fluid.When ingested or inhaled, furfural can cause intoxication, including euphoria, nausea, headache, dizziness, and eventual unconsciousness and death due to respiratory failure. 
Chronic skin exposure can lead to a skin allergy to the substance, as well as an unusual susceptibility to sunburn. 

Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 2 ppm (skin)
ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 ppm (skin); Animal Carcinogen: BEI: 200 mg/g creatinine of total furoic acid in urine at end of shift
DFG MAK: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans
DOT Classification:  3; Label: Flammable Liquid

Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-72 or NIOSH: Furfural, 2529.

Basic information

  • Product Name:

    Furfural

  • CAS No:98-01-1
  • Formula:C5H4O2
  • Synonyms:Pyromucic aldehyde;2-Furil-metanale [Italian];Artificial ant oil;Bran oil;r-Furole;2-Furyl-methanal;Furyl-methanal;2-Furfural;Furfuraldehyde;Furol;Furfurol;Quakeral;2-Furanaldehyde;2-Furaldehyde;1/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4;2-Furil-metanale;Furfurale [Italian];RCRA waste no. U125;2-Furancarbonal;furan-2-carbaldehyde;Furfural (natural);NCI-C56177;2-Furankarbaldehyd [Czech];EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043301;FEMA No. 2489;RCRA waste number U125;2-Furylcarboxaldehyde;2-Formylfuran;Furancarbonal;Artificial oil of ants;Furfurale;5-17-09-00292 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);2-Furancarboxaldehyde;2-Formylofuran [Polish];Furaldehyde;Furole;Furfurole;.alpha.-Furole;Fural;2-Furylaldehyde;Ant Oil, artificial;2-Furfuraldehyde;Furaldehydes [UN1199] [Poison];10008-65-8;Furfurylaldehyde;Furale;FURFURALE (ITALIAN);α-FUROLE;2-FURIL-METANALE (ITALIAN);FURFURAL (FF);Furfural (2-Furaldehyde);FURFURAL GR 99+%;Fufural;2-Formyl furan;
  • Online Communion