Helvetica Chimica Acta p. 41 - 50 (1996)
Update date:2022-08-03
Topics:
Deslongchamps, Pierre
Dory, Yves L.
Li, Shigui
Acid-catalyzed cyclic ketal formation vs. hydrolysis of a series of hydroxyalkyl cyclic enol ethers in the presence of 1 equiv. of H2O, and acid-catalyzed cyclic-ketal formation (same ketals as above) vs. methanolysis of a series of mixed pent-4-enyl hydroxyalkyl ketals with N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of 4 equiv. of MeOH led to the same result: the intramolecular cyclization processes occur at similar rates as the intermolecular H2O or MeOH attacks independently of the size of the rings formed (five-, six-, or seven-niembered), by cyclizations. These results can be explained by the facts that, due to stereoelectronic effects which impose a torsional strain to the sp2 hybridized O-atom, the cyclization activation enthalpy decreases, as the length of the hydroxyalkyl chain increase (ease of cyclization: 7 > 6 > 5), whereas the entropy factor favors the cyclization in the reverse fashion (ease of cyclization: 5 > 6 > 7). The various reaction pathways have been examined using the semi-empirical Hamiltonian AM1, and the results obtained confirm that large-ring formation is enthalpically much favored over the cyclization processes leading to small rings (ease of cyclization: 7 > 6 > 5).
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