Journal of the American Chemical Society
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Page 4 of 5
the corresponding luminescence intensity ratio
(I656/I540) changes. This suggests that there is only a
small increase of serum NO level from sham to IR
models (from ~ 16 M to ~ 24 M), likely a result of
self-protective stress responses, while the significant
increase of NO levels for the Oct-IR group (~86 M)
corresponds with the activity of the drug. Confocal
microscopy was also used to monitor the NO levels in
living liver tissue slices obtained from the sham, IR,
and Oct-IR rat groups after incubation with the up-
conversion nanoprobes (Figure 4B-D). The lumines-
cence emission ratio of I656/I540 increased significant-
ly for the Oct-IR model, while no clear difference was
found for the sham and the IR models, indicating that
Oct is linked to elevated NO levels in the liver tissue.
This points to the possibility that the protective
mechanisms of Oct on HIRI are at least in part due to
increased NO production.
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In summary, we have developed a novel upconver-
sion ratiometric nanosensor for NO monitoring,
which takes advantage of the excellent optical charac-
teristics of UCNPs, the highly selective RdMs/NO ring-
opening reaction, and the biocompatibility and size
filtering properties of CD. Using this novel probe, we
discovered that NO levels are elevated in Oct-treated
rat IR models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first time that an upconversion luminescent nano-
probe has been successfully used to measure serum
and liver tissue NO levels in HIRI and to study the
drug-protection process. With further optimization,
this new NO-sensing platform could become a highly
useful biotechnology tool for in vitro and in vivo moni-
toring of NO, and may be extended to additional ana-
lytes.
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Experimental details and other additional information as
noted in text. This material is available free of charge via
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Corresponding Author
*k.zhang@northeastern.edu
*chadnano@northwestern.edu
[11] Li, M.; Wang, L.; Liu, H.; Su, B.;Liu, B.;Lin, W.;Li, Z.;Chang, L.
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ORCID
Jishan Li:0000-0001-8144-361X
Notes
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The authors declare no competing financial interest.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by NSFC (21475036,
21527810), and the Hunan Provincial Natural Science
Foundation (2016JJ1005).
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