Green Chemistry
Paper
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4. Conclusions
In summary, biomass-derived HMF was effectively converted
into 1,6-HDO over double-layered catalysts in a fixed-bed
reactor. Under optimal reaction conditions of 373 K and
7 MPa H2, 57.8% yield of 1,6-HDO was obtained over Pd/SiO2 +
Ir–ReOx/SiO2. The double-layered composite catalyst showed a
much superior performance in improving the target product
selectivity as compared to that with a single catalyst. The
reaction solvent significantly effected 1,6-HDO formation, and
mixed solvents of water and THF at a volume ratio of 2 : 3 were
the most suitable to afford an enhanced 1,6-HDO yield. A high
pressure of H2 contributed to the formation of 1,6-HDO by
depressing the over-hydrogenolysis of reaction intermediates
and products to form hexane and hexanol. According to the
results of conditional experiments, the reaction route was
elucidated, wherein DHMTHF and 1,2,6-HTO were the succes-
sive intermediates for the formation of 1,6-HDO. The Pd/SiO2
+ Ir–ReOx/SiO2 catalysts showed reasonably good stability with
the 1,6-HDO yield in the range of 60% to 40% on running for
24 h. The catalyst deactivation was attributed to the gradual
leaching of ReOx during the reaction.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foun-
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