RSC Advances
Paper
To evaluate the reusability of Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNPs, as one of
the specied merits of it, a curve of the catalyst performance
was prepared for the three-component reaction of 4-hydrox-
ycoumarin, malononitrile, and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde as
a model reaction (Fig. 9). At the end of the reaction, a hot
mixture of ethyl acetate and ethanol was poured into a ask
containing the obtained product. The ask was then placed on
a stirrer and aer complete dissolution of the product, the
reaction solution was decanted with an external magnet into
a beaker and the catalyst remained in the reaction vessel. The
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`
´
9 L. Vayssieres, C. Chaneac, E. Tronc and J. P. Jolivet, J. Colloid
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recovered Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNPs were rinsed with ethanol, dried, 10 R. Y. Hong, B. Feng, G. Liu, S. Wang and H. Z. Li, J. Alloys
and reused without a signicant reduction in their activity for at
least six runs of the reaction.
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Table 4 shows the efficiency of the Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNPs as
a catalyst in the preparation of 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5- 12 A. R. Kiasat and J. Davarpanah, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2013,
oxo-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile compared 373, 46–54.
with some other introduced homogeneous and heterogeneous 13 A. Maleki, Tetrahedron Lett., 2013, 54, 2055–2059.
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accelerate the reaction, the present catalytic system had further 15 M. Esmaeilpour, A. R. Sardarian and J. Javidi, Appl. Catal., A,
advantages; for instance, easy work-up procedures, simple
2012, 445, 359–367.
recovery of the catalyst, low reaction times, and low catalyst 16 H. Mahmoudi and A. A. Jafari, ChemCatChem, 2013, 5, 3743–
loading.
3749.
17 R. Mohammadi and M. Z. Kassaee, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem.,
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Conclusion
In summary, we described an effective procedure for the
synthesis of highly substituted pyran derivatives via a one-pot
three-component condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin (1)/
dimedone (5), malononitrile (2), and arylaldehydes (3) using
a Zr@IL-Fe3O4 MNP heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst
under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was characterized
via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy
dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magne-
tometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The important
features of the suggested strategy include a high efficiency of
the catalyst, reusability of the catalyst through the use of an
external magnetic eld, high-to-excellent yields of the products,
and short reaction times.
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conicts to declare.
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T. Akbarzadeh, D. Mandal, A. Shaee, K. Parang and
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© 2021 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry