J Surfact Deterg
´
ˇ ´
´
´
10. Sikiric M, Primozic I, Talmon Y, Filipovic-Vincekovic N (2005)
Effect of the spacer length on the association and adsorption
behavior of dissymmetric gemini surfactants. J Colloid Interface
Sci 281:473–481
antimicrobial agent of the synthesized compounds, and its
antimicrobial activity is better than that of BAC.
11. Devinsky F, Lacko I, Mynarcik D (1985) Relationship between
critical micelle concentrations and minimum inhibitory concen-
trations for some non-aromatic quaternary ammonium salts and
amine oxides. Tenside Deterg 22:10–15
12. Tatsumi T, Zhang W, Nakatsuji Y, Miyake K, Matsushima K,
Tanaka M, Furuta T, Ikeda I (2001) Preparation, surface-active
properties, and antimicrobial activities of bis(alkylammonium)
dichlorides having a butenylene or a butynylene spacer. J Surf
Deterg 4:271–277
13. Laatiris A, Achouri ME, Infante MR, Bensouda Y (2008)
Antibacterial activity, structure and CMC relationships of alka-
nediyl-a, x–bis(dimethylammonium bromide) surfactants.
Microbiol Res 163:645–650
14. Kuperkar K, Modi J, Patel K (2012) Surface-active properties and
antimicrobial study of conventional cationic and synthesized
symmetrical Gemini surfactants. J Surf Deterg 15:107–115
15. Lu QX, Fu SZ, Yin BL, Sun DZ, Wei ZB, Ren LH, Wei XL
(2010) Study on surface activity and bacteriostasis of a series of
gemini cationic surfactants. J Disp Sci Tech 31:377–383
16. El-Dib FI, Ghiuba FM, Mahmoud SA, El Awady MY (2011)
Synthesis and surface properties activity of novel monoester tri-
ethanolamine-based cationic gemini surfactants. J Disp Sci Tech
32:1200–1205
Conclusion
A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants [CnH2n?1–O–
CH2–CH(OH)–CH2–N?(CH3)2–(CH2)2]2Á2Br
[3a
(n = 12), 3b (n = 14) and 3c (n = 16)] have been syn-
thesized. Their TK, CMC, cCMC and Amax values are lower,
and their pC20 and CMC/C20 values are higher, in com-
parison with n-4-n geminis with the same n, indicating that
the novel cationic gemini surfactants have better water
solubility and surface activity than the corresponding n-4-
n geminis, which may be ascribed to the introduction of a
2-hydroxy-1,3-oxypropylene [–CH2–CH(OH)–CH2–O–]
group in the hydrophobic chain. The novel cationic gemini
surfactants with n of 12 and 14 exhibit good foaming
ability and foam stability. The synthetic cationic gemini
surfactants show good antibacterial and antifungal activi-
ties, and their antimicrobial activities become stronger with
the increase of the hydrophobic chain length. The cationic
gemini surfactant with n of 16 shows stronger antimicro-
bial activities than benzalkonium chloride.
17. Sharma V, Borse M, Devi S (2005) Oil solubilization capacity,
liquid crystalline properties, and antibacterial activity of alka-
nolamine-based novel cationic surfactants. J Disp Sci Tech
26:421–427
18. Tatsumi T, Zhang W, Kida T, Nakatsuji Y, Ono D, Takeda T,
Ikeda I (2001) Novel hydrolysable and biodegradable cationic
gemini surfactants: bis(ester-ammonium) dichloride having a
butenylene or a butynlene spacer. J Sur Deterg 4:279–285
19. Ikeda I, Cui Z (2001) Synthesis and properties of novel gemini
cationic surfactants (3) introducing hydrolyzable group in
hydrophobic chain to improve biodegradability. Chin Surf Deterg
Cosm 31:28–31
20. Negm NA (2007) Solubilization, surface active and thermody-
namic parameters of gemini amphiphilies bearing nonionic
hydrophilic spacers. J Surf Deterg 10:71–80
21. Zana R (2002) Alkanediyl-a, x-bis(dimethylalkylammonium
bromide) surfactants: II. Krafft temperature and melting tem-
perature. J Colloid Interface Sci 252:259–261
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