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RSC Advances
Fig. 13 indicates almost complete retard migration for all ratios.
However, minor amounts of non-complexed DNA are still
recognizable for ratios up to 20 : 1, whereas no peaks can be
found for a nanoparticle DNA ratio of 30 : 1 or above. For
optimum efficiency a ratio of 30 : 1 is, hence, recommended.
The complex found to be stable enough for more than three
mꢂonths without dissociation from the particles when stored at
4 C.
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The NpFeSiImalkyl composites have been applied for the
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particle composites were synthesized and employed for the 13 K. Xu, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, Q. Yang, X. Wei, P. Xu and
magnetic solid-phase extraction of DNA for the rst time. The
synthesized particles were successfully conjugated to control 14 J. Li, S. Wang, L. Chen, W. Lu, A. Wu, J. Choo and L. Chen,
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Y. Zhou, Microchim. Acta, 2017, 184, 4133–4140.
temperature. The functionalized nanoparticles exhibit a particle 15 X. Fu, D. Zhu, L. Huang, X. Yan, S. Liu and C. Wang,
size ꢀ20 nm and magnetization of 25 emu gꢁ1 with 15.5 G
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are conspicuously characteristic of super-paramagnetic
42, 698–705.
behavior of the nanoparticles. As a result, these nanoparticles 18 D. D. Zhou, H. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Z. M. Qian, W. J. Li, C. H. Li,
exhibit both high loading capacity of DNA: particle ratio F. Q. Yang and H. Chen, J. Chromatogr. A, 2019, 1591, 24–32.
1 : 30 wt% and signicantly enhanced the extraction of DNA 19 Z. H. Deng, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, C. L. Gao, L. Dong,
samples with the aid of an external magnetic eld. The M. L. Wang and R. S. Zhao, Microchim. Acta, 2019, 186, 0–8.
approach can be considered as a simple, rapid, effective and 20 L. Xiong, J. Bi, Y. Tang and S. Z. Qiao, Small, 2016, 12, 4735–
environmentally friendly separation procedure. NpFeSiImC12 4742.
and NpFeSiIm C10:C6, reected the highest DNA binding effi- 21 M. Zhao, H. Shao, J. Ma, H. Li, Y. He, M. Wang, F. Jin,
1582, 1–7.
˘
¨ ¨
ciency. The results suggest the above ionic magnetic nano-
particles with alkyl imidazole coating as a promising platform
J. Wang, A. M. Abd El-Aty, A. Hacımuuoglu, F. Yan,
Y. Wang and Y. She, J. Chromatogr. A, 2020, 1615, 460751.
for future therapeutic delivery applications. Future work can be 22 Y. Zhao, R. Wu, H. Yu, J. Li, L. Liu, S. Wang, X. Chen and
anticipated by exploring potential multifunctionality of these T.-W. D. Chan, J. Chromatogr. A, 2020, 1610, 460543.
nanoparticles, such as magnetic extraction of several basic 23 N. Kobylinska, L. Kostenko, S. Khainakov and S. Garcia-
pharmaceutical compounds and magnetic resonance imaging.
Granda, Microchim. Acta., 2020, 187, 289.
24 A. Halilu, T. H. Ali, A. Y. Atta, P. Sudarsanam, S. K. Bhargava
and S. B. Abd Hamid, Energy Fuels, 2016, 30, 2216–2226.
25 A. Halilu, T. H. Ali, P. Sudarsanam and S. K. Bhargava,
Symmetry, 2019, 11, 524.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conict of interest.
26 A. Ossola, E. Macerata, E. Mossini, M. Giola, M. C. Gullo,
A. Arduini, A. Casnati and M. Mariani, J. Radioanal. Nucl.
Chem., 2018, 318, 2013–2022.
Acknowledgements
The authors of this paper gratefully acknowledge nancial 27 N. N. Al-Mohammed, R. S. Duali Hussen, T. H. Ali, Y. Alias
support from the University of Malaya under Research Grants and Z. Abdullah, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 21865–21876.
GPF-061-2018 and RG383-17AFR, as well as from the Al 28 N. N. Al-Mohammed, R. S. D. Hussen, Y. Alias and
Muthanna University.
Z. Abdullah, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 21869–21881.
29 N. N. Al-Mohammed, Y. Alias and Z. Abdullah, RSC Adv.,
2015, 5, 92602–92617.
30 S. B. Primrose; and R. M. Twyman, Principles of Gene
Manipulation and Genomics, Blackwell Publishing, Malden,
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