Initially patented and sold by Monsanto in the 1970s under the tradename Roundup, its U.S. patent expired in 2000. It is now also available in other formulations, e.g. Resolva 24H, which contains glyphosate and diquat. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the USA.In the US, 5-8 million pounds are used every year on lawns and yards and 85-90 million pounds are used annually in US agriculture.
  Glyphosate (CAS NO.1071-83-6) was first discovered to have herbicidal activity in 1970 by John E. Franz, while working for Monsanto. Franz received the National Medal of Technology in 1987,and the Perkin Medal for Applied Chemistry. in 1990 for his discoveries.

When Glyphosate (CAS NO.1071-83-6) comes into contact with the soil it can be rapidly bound to soil particles and be inactivated. Unbound glyphosate can be degraded by bacteria.However, glyphosphate has been shown to increase the infection rate of wheat by fusarium head blight in fields that have been treated with glyphosphate.
In soils, half lives vary from as little as 3 days at a site in Texas, 141 days at a site in Iowa, to between 1–3 years in Swedish forest soils.It appears that higher latitude sites have the longest soil persistences such as in Canada and Scandinavia.

Glyphosate,with the CAS NO.1071-83-6, is an organic solid of odorless white crystals. It is a non-selective herbicide used on many food and non-food crops as well as non-crop areas such as roadsides. Glyphosate comes in many forms, including an acid and several salts. These can be either solids or an amber-colored liquid.

Physical properties about Glyphosate are: (1)ACD/LogP: 0.272; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -3.35; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -4.13; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00; (8)#H bond acceptors: 6; (9)#H bond donors: 4; (10)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 4; (11)Index of Refraction: 1.529; (12)Molar Refractivity: 31.051 cm³; (13)Molar Volume: 100.656 cm³; (14)Polarizability: 12.309 10-24cm³; (15)Surface Tension: 86.3440017700195 dyne/cm; (16)Density: 1.68 g/cm³; (17)Flash Point: 235.528 °C; (18)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 79.713 kJ/mol; (19)Boiling Point: 465.835 °C at 760 mmHg

Uses of Glyphosate: Glyphosate is effective in killing a wide variety of plants, including grasses, broadleaf, and woody plants. It has a relatively small effect on some clover species. By volume, it is one of the most widely used herbicides. It is commonly used for agriculture, horticulture, and silviculture purposes, as well as garden maintenance (including home use).

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
1. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice;
2. Wear eye/face protection;
3. Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet;
4. Keep out of the reach of children;
5. Wear suitable gloves;
6. Wear suitable protective clothing;

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)InChI=1S/C3H8NO5P/c5-3(6)1-4-2-10(7,8)9/h4H,1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9);
(2)InChIKey=XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
(3)SmilesP(=O)(CNCC(=O)O)(O)O;

The toxicity data is as follows: