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Basic information

  • Name:

  • Ethane,2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-

  • CAS No.:

  • 151-67-7

  • Formula:
  • C2H Br Cl F3
  • Synonyms:
  • (?à)-Halothane;1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane; 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloro-2-bromoethane;1-Bromo-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; 2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-chloro-1-bromoethane;2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane; 2-Chloro-2-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane;Alotano; Anestan; Fluktan; Fluothane; Freon 123B1; Ftorotan; Halan; Halothane;Halsan; NSC 143490; Narcotan; Narcotane; Narkotan; R 123B1; Rhodialothan

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Chemistry

Formula: C2HBrClF3 
Mol. mass: 197.381 g/mol
Boiling point: 50.2 °C (at 101.325 kPa)
Density: 1.868 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Molecular Weight: 197.4 u 
Vapor pressure: 244 mmHg (at 20 °C); 288 mmHg (at 24 °C)
MAC: 0.75 vol %
Blood: Gas Partition coefficient: 2.5
Oil: Gas Partition coefficient: 224
HALOTHANE is colourless and pleasant-smelling, but unstable in light.

History

This halogenated hydrocarbon was first synthesised by C. W. Suckling of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in 1951 and was first used clinically by M. Johnstone in Manchester in 1956.  Use of the anesthetic was phased out during the 1980s and 1990s as newer anesthetic agents became popular. Halothane retains some use in veterinary surgery and in the Third World because of its lower cost. Halothane was given to many millions of adult and pediatric patients worldwide from its introduction in 1956 through the 1980s.  By the year 2005 the common volatile anaesthetics in use were isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Since the risk of halothane hepatitis in children was substantially lower than in adults, halothane saw continued use in pediatrics in the 1990s. However, by the year 2000 sevoflurane had largely replaced the use of halothane in children.

Production

The commercial synthesis of HALOTHANE starts from trichloroethylene, which is reacted with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of antimony trichloride at 130°C to form 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. This is then reacted with bromine at 450°C to produce halothane.

Toxicity Data With Reference

1.   

eye-rbt 100 mg SEV

   FEPRA7    Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 35 (1976),729.
2.   

sln-dmg-ihl 1 pph/1H

   ANESAV    Anesthesiology. 62 (1985),305.
3.   

cyt-hmn:lym 1 pph/48H-C

   NSMZDZ    Nippon Shika Masui Gakkai Zasshi. 7 (1979),19.
4.   

dns-rat-orl 10 g/kg

   JTEHD6    Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 10 (1982),327.
5.   

ihl-hmn LCLo:7000 ppm/3H:LIV,GIT,MET

   ANESAV    Anesthesiology. 24 (1963),29.
6.   

ivn-man LDLo:129 mg/kg:CNS,CVS,PUL

   LANCAO    Lancet. 1 (1982),340.
7.   

orl-rat LD50:5680 mg/kg

   GTPZAB    Gigiena Truda i Professionalnye Zabolevaniia. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. 24 (3)(1980),36.
8.   

ihl-rat LC50:29,000 ppm

   FATOAO    Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). 25 (1962),143.
9.   

ihl-mus LC50:22,000 ppm/10M

   JPETAB    Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 86 (1946),197.
10.   

orl-gpg LD50:6000 mg/kg

   GTPZAB    Gigiena Truda i Professionalnye Zabolevaniia. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

Consensus Reports

IARC Cancer Review: Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 , 1987,p. 93.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Safety Profile

A human poison by intravenous route. Human systemic effects by intravenous route: general anesthetic, heart rate change, cyanosis; by inhalation: hepatitis, nausea, fever. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A severe eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen. Human mutation data reported. Used as a clinical anesthetic. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of F−, Cl−, and Br−. See also CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC; BROMIDES; and FLUORIDES.

Standards and Recommendations

ACGIH TLV: TWA 50 ppm; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: 5 ppm (41 mg/m3); BAT: 250 μg/dL of trifluoroacetic acid in blood at end of shift
NIOSH REL: (Waste Anesthetic Gases and Vapors) CL 2 ppm/1H

Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #29.

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