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Hydrofluoric acid

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Name

Hydrofluoric acid

EINECS 231-634-8
CAS No. 7664-39-3 Density 1.15 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
PSA 0.00000 LogP 0.53270
Solubility soluble in water Melting Point -35 °C
Formula HF Boiling Point 19.538 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 20.0063 Flash Point 112 °C
Transport Information UN 1790 8/PG 2 Appearance colourless gas with a pungent odour
Safety 26-36/37/39-45-7/9-36/37-28-36 Risk Codes 26/27/28-35-36/37/38-20/21/22
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 7664-39-3 (Hydrogen fluoride) Hazard Symbols ToxicT, CorrosiveC. VeryT+, HarmfulXn
Synonyms

Rubigine;Fluorwaterstof;Hydrofluoric acid;Fluoric acid;Fluorowodor;hydrogen Fluoride;Hydrofluoride;fluorhydric acid;hydrogen fluorid;HYDROFLUORIC ACID;hydrofluoric;antisal2b;

Article Data 1188

Hydrofluoric acid Synthetic route

rubidium fluoride

sodium paratungstate

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt100%
In melt100%

potassium fluoride

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxalic acid In water byproducts: potassium oxalate; evapn. twice with satd. soln. of oxalic acid;100%
With oxalic acid In water byproducts: potassium oxalate; evapn. twice with satd. soln. of oxalic acid;100%
With carbon dioxide In water absorption of CO2 from air;
In water electrodialysis;
With CO2 In water absorption of CO2 from air;

potassium fluoride

sodium paratungstate

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt100%
In melt100%

sodium paratungstate

lithium fluoride

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt100%
In melt100%

sodium paratungstate

sodium fluoride

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt100%
In melt100%

sodium paratungstate

13400-13-0

cesium fluoride

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt100%
In melt100%
368-39-8

triethyloxonium fluoroborate

82113-65-3

bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide

A

945614-34-6

triethyloxonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

B

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

C

7637-07-2

boron trifluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 75 - 80℃; for 3h;A 100%
B n/a
C n/a
54566-80-2

Pentafluoroethyl-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-trifluoromethyl-ethyl)-amine

A

2344-11-8

perfluoro(4-methyl-3-aza-2-pentene)

B

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
in presence of (CH3)3N, 25°C, 3 h;A 99%
B n/a
in presence of (CH3)3N, 25°C, 3 h;A 99%
B n/a
368-40-1

triethylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate

82113-65-3

bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide

A

945614-34-6

triethyloxonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

B

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

C

7637-07-2

boron trifluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 75 - 80℃; for 3h;A 97.9%
B n/a
C n/a
368-39-8

triethyloxonium fluoroborate

H[perfluoroethyltrifluoroborate]

A

945614-32-4

triethyloxonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate

B

7664-39-3

hydrogen fluoride

C

7637-07-2

boron trifluoride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 75 - 80℃; for 3h; Product distribution / selectivity;A 95.7%
B n/a
C n/a

Hydrofluoric acid Consensus Reports

 EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. Community Right-To-Know List. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Hydrofluoric acid Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 3 ppm; STEL 6 ppm (F)
ACGIH TLV: CL 3 ppm (F); BEI: 3 mg/g creatinine of fluorides in urine prior to shift; 10 mg/g creatinine of fluorides in urine at end of shift.
DFG MAK: 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3); BAT 7.0 mg/g creatinine in urine at end of shift
NIOSH REL: (HF) TWA 2.5 mg(F)/m3; CL 5.0 mg(F)/m3/15M
DOT Classification:  8; Label: Corrosive, Poison

Hydrofluoric acid Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Fluorides, 7902; Acids, Inorganic, 7903.

Hydrofluoric acid Specification

Hydrofluoric acid (CAS NO.7664-39-3) is a chemical compound with the formula HF. It is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the aqueous form as hydrofluoric acid. The hot, gaseous it is either absorbed in water or liquefied; refrigeration is employed to obtain the anhydrous product needed for fluorocarbon manufacture and other uses. Although it is corrosive, concentrations of 60% and above can be handled in steel at lower temperatures; load, carbon and special alloys are also used in the process equipment.It is A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.

Physical properties about Hydrofluoric acid are: 
(1)mp: -35°C; (2)bp: 105°C; (3)density: 1.15 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.); (4)vapor density: 1.27 (vs air); (5)vapor pressure: 25 mm Hg ( 20 °C); (6)Fp: 112°C; (7)Water Solubility: soluble; (8)Sensitive:Hygroscopic; (9)Merck:14,479

Preparation of Hydrofluoric acid: 
Hydrofluoric acid is produced by treatment of the mineral fluorite (CaF2) with concentrated sulfuric acid. When combined at 265 °C, these two substances react to produce hydrogen fluoride and calcium sulfate according to the following chemical equation:
CaF2 + H2SO4 → 2 HF + CaSO4

Uses of Hydrofluoric acid: 
Hydrofluoric acid is the precursor to many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers (e.g. Teflon). HF is widely used in the petrochemical industry and a component of many superacids. HF boils just below room temperature whereas the other hydrogen halides condense at much lower temperatures. Unlike the other hydrogen halides, HF is lighter than air and its odour is particularly penetrating, which can damage the lungs. Hydrofluoric acid is used to prepare fluorocarbons and one:third of the total goes to the aluminum industry, where synthetic cryolite, sodium aluminum fluoride, is a major constituent of the electrolyte. It is also consumed in the melting and refining of secondary aluminum. Other uses of hydrofluoric acid are found in the metals and petroleum industries.

When you are using Hydrofluoric acid, please be cautious about it as the following:
1.In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice;
2.Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection;
3.In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible);

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)InChI=1S/FH/h1H;
(2)InChIKey=KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
(3)SmilesF;

The toxicity data of Hydrofluoric acid is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
frog LDLo subcutaneous 112mg/kg (112mg/kg)   Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 124, Pg. 133, 1937.
guinea pig LC50 inhalation 4327ppm/15M (4327ppm) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 24, Pg. 253, 1963.
 
human LCLo inhalation 50ppm/30M (50ppm)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 318, 1969.
man TCLo inhalation 100mg/m3/1M (100mg/m3) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: COUGH

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CONJUNCTIVE IRRITATION: EYE
Journal of Industrial Hygiene. Vol. 16, Pg. 129, 1934.
man TDLo oral 143mg/kg (143mg/kg) VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION

CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION)

KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: "CHANGES IN TUBULES (INCLUDING ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS)"
Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. Vol. 35, Pg. 307, 1997.
 
monkey LC50 inhalation 1774ppm/1H (1774ppm) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS

GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES

BEHAVIORAL: COMA
Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. Vol. TR-70-77, Pg. 1970,
mouse LC50 inhalation 342ppm/1H (342ppm) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CORNEAL DAMAGE: EYE

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE
Journal of Combustion Toxicology. Vol. 3, Pg. 61, 1976.
mouse LDLo skin 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR

PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 17, Pg. 281, 1975.
rabbit LCLo inhalation 260mg/m3/7H (260mg/m3)   AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 2, Pg. 716, 1950.
rat LC50 inhalation 1276ppm/1H (1276ppm) GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS

BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 33, Pg. 661, 1972.
 
rat LDLo intraperitoneal 25mg/kg (25mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 13, Pg. 76, 1968.

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