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Basic information

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Chemistry

Molecular formula: HF
Appearance: Colorless solution
Structure:
Density: 1.15 g/mL (for 48% soln.)
Melting point: -83.1 °C
Boiling point: 19.5°C
Solubility in water: Miscible.
Acidity (pKa): 3.15
Other names: fluoric acid; fluorhydric acid.
Hydrofluoric acid(32057-09-3) is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water, which is technically a weak acid. It is extremely corrosive and difficult to handle.

Uses

 Hydrofluoric acid(32057-09-3) is used for manufacture of fluorocarbons, including fluoropolymers, chlorofluorocarbons; chemical intermediates including fluoroborates, surfactants, herbicides, and electronic chemicals; aqueous hydrofluoric acid; petroleum alkylation; and uranium processing.

Production

Hydrofluoric acid (32057-09-3) is produced by treating fluorspar (CaF2) with 20% oleum and heating it with sulfuric acid in a horizontal rotating drum.
           CaF2 + H2SO4 → 2HF + CaSO4

Toxicity Data With Reference

Hydrofluoric acid(32057-09-3) is a contact poison. Poisoning can occur readily through exposure of skin or eyes, or when inhaled or swallowed.
RTECS: MW7875000

Safety Profile

Hydrofluoric acid(32057-09-3) is an extremely corrosive liquid. It should be handled with extreme care, beyond that accorded to other mineral acids. Accidental exposures can go unnoticed, delaying treatment and increasing the extent and seriousness of the injury. More seriously, once absorbed into blood through the skin, it reacts with blood calcium and may cause cardiac arrest. Hydrofluoric acid exposure is often treated with calcium gluconate. HF chemical burns can be treated with a water wash and 2.5% calcium gluconate gel or special rinsing solutions. However, because it is absorbed, medical treatment is necessary; rinsing off is not enough. In some cases, amputation may be required.
Hazard Codes: T+,C
Risk Statements: 26/27/28-35
26/27/28:  Very Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 
35:  Causes severe burns
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-7/9
26:  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 
36/37/39:  Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection 
45:  In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible)
7/9:  Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated place
RIDADR: UN 1790 8/PG 2

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