Basic information
- Name:
IPECAC SYRUP
- CAS No.:
8012-96-2
- Molecular Weight:
- 0
- Deleted CAS:
- 8052-61-7
- Synonyms:
- DIHYDROTACHY STEROL;SYRUP of IPECAC, U.S.P.;IPECACUANHA;
- Hazard Symbols:
- Safety Description:
- Mildly toxic by ingestion. A centrally acting emetic. Human systemic effects by ingestion: nausea, vomiting, blood pressure lowering, change in heart rate, dyspnea. Has caused fatalities after prolonged ingestion. An FDA over-the-counter drug. See also EMETINE. Details
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Chemistry
Product Name: Ipecac syrup
Synonyms of Ipecac syrup (CAS NO.8012-96-2) : Ipecac ; Ipecacuanha ; Syrup of ipecac, U.S.P
CAS NO:8012-96-2
History
Pediatricians once recommended Ipecac be kept in the home as a ready emetic for use in cases of accidental poisoning.Current guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, however, strongly advise against this and in fact recommend the disposal of any syrup of Ipecac present in the home.Many toxicological associations have also issued position papers recommending against its use as a first-line treatment for most ingested poisons, because there has been no evidence that syrup of Ipecac actually helps improve the outcome in cases of poisoning. Moreover, accidental overdose of Ipecac can result when administered in the home.
A 2005 review by an HRSA-funded scientific panel concluded that vomiting alone does not reliably remove poisons from the stomach. The study suggested that indications for use of Ipecac syrup were rare and patients should be treated by more effective and safer means. Additionally, Ipecac’s potential side effects, such as lethargy, can be confused with the poison’s effects, complicating diagnosis. Ipecac may also delay the administration or reduce the effectiveness of other treatments such as activated charcoal, whole bowel irrigation, or oral antidotes.
Uses
Ipecac syrup (CAS NO.8012-96-2) was used in cough mixtures as an expectorant or an emetic from the 18th until the early 20th century. Ipecac and opium were used to produce Dover's powder, which was used in syrup form. Ipecac syrup is still used to induce vomiting.
Production
Syrup of ipecac commonly referred to as simply Ipecac is derived from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant and is a well known emetic (substance used to induce vomiting)
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dog | LDLo | oral | 5gm/kg (5000mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM SMALL INTESTINE GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | "Management of the Poisoned Patient," Rumack, B.H., and A.R. Temple, eds., Princeton, NJ, Science Press, 1977Vol. -, Pg. 175, 1977. |
| human | TDLo | oral | 70mg/kg (70mg/kg) | GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 65, Pg. 1398, 1976. |
| man | TDLo | oral | 214mg/kg (214mg/kg) | GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM STOMACH GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING | Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 77, Pg. 804, 1984. |
| rat | LDLo | oral | 510uL/kg (0.51mL/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: "CHANGES IN TUBULES (INCLUDING ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS)" | Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 27, Pg. 891, 1999. |
| women | LDLo | oral | 113mg/kg/13W- (113mg/kg) | VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 243, Pg. 1927, 1980. |
Safety Profile
Mildly toxic by ingestion. A centrally acting emetic. Human systemic effects by ingestion: nausea, vomiting, blood pressure lowering, change in heart rate, dyspnea. Has caused fatalities after prolonged ingestion. An FDA over-the-counter drug. See also EMETINE.
Specification
Mechanism of action:The actions of Ipecac syrup (CAS NO.8012-96-2) are mainly those of its major alkaloids, emetine (methylcephaeline) and cephaeline. They both act locally by irritating the gastric mucosa and centrally by stimulating the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce vomiting.
Poison Treatment: The commercial preparation of ipecac consists of 1/14th of fluedextractum of ipecac root. The rest is composed of glycerin and sugar syrup
Abuse:Ipecac has been used by individuals with bulimia nervosa as a means to achieve weight loss through induced defensive vomiting. Repeated abuse is believed to cause damage to the heart, which can ultimately result in the user's death.One victim may have been singer Karen Carpenter.[citation needed] It has also been used as an agent for Münchausen syndrome by proxy.