Lead

 Metallic lead beads dating back to 6400 B.C. have been found in modern-day Turkey. In the early Bronze Age, lead was used with antimony and arsenic.  Lead is mentioned in the Book of Exodus (15:10). In alchemy, lead was thought to be the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn. The Romans also used lead in molten form to secure iron pins that held together large limestone blocks in certain monumental buildings. Lead's symbol Pb is an abbreviation of its Latin name plumbum for soft metals; originally it was plumbum nigrum (literally, "black plumbum"), where plumbum candidum (literally, "bright plumbum") was tin. The English words "plumbing", "plumber", "plumb", and "plumb-bob" also derive from this Latin root.

IARC Cancer Review: Group 2B IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 7 , 1987,p. 230.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) ; Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man . 23 , 1980,p. 325.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . Lead and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

OSHA PEL: TWA 0.05 mg(Pb)/m³
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m³; BEI: 50 μg(lead)/L in blood; 150 μg(lead)/g creatinine in urine
DFG MAK: 0.1 mg/m³; BAT: 70 μg(lead)/L in blood; 30 μg(lead)/L in blood of women less than 45 years old
NIOSH REL: TWA (Inorganic Lead) 0.10 mg(Pb)/m³

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125G or NIOSH: Lead, 7082; Elements, 7300; Lead in Blood and Urine, 8003.

The IUPAC name of this chemical is Lead. With the CAS registry number 7439-92-1 and EINECS registry number 231-100-4, it is also named as Plumbum metallicum. In addition, the molecular formula is Pb and the molecular weight is 207.20. It belongs to the classes of Metals; Inorganics; Lead Micro / Nanoelectronics; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; Electronic Chemicals; LeadMetal and Ceramic Science; Pure Elements; Industrial Raw Materials; Industrial Raw MaterialsAnalytical Standards.

Preparation of Lead: it can be prepared by PbS and PbO. The equation is as follows: 2 PbO + PbS → 3 Pb + SO₂. Also it can be get through electrolysis method. Recrystallize lead nitroate or lead acetate for 3 times at first. Then made it into electrolyte. The electrolysis temperature is 18-20 °C and the current is 1.2 A.

Uses of Lead: it is a major constituent of the lead-acid battery used extensively as a car battery. And it can be used as a coloring element in ceramic glazes, notably in the colors red and yellow. Also it is frequently used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic, which coats electrical cords. In addition, it is used to form glazing bars for stained glass or other multi-lit windows. And it can be used in solder for electronics, although this usage is being phased out by some countries to reduce the amount of environmentally unfriendly waste. Moreover, it can be used in high voltage power cables as sheathing material to prevent water diffusion into insulation.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is irritating to eyes and skin and harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. It has danger of cumulative effects, and danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation. In addition, it may cause harm to the unborn child. It has risk of impaired fertility possibly. Avoid exposure - obtain special instruction before use. During using it, wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. And in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.). Moreover, you should avoid release to the environment. And you can refer to special instructions safety data sheet.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: [Pb]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Pb
(3)InChIKey: WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows: