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Minoxidil

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Name

Minoxidil

EINECS 253-874-2
CAS No. 38304-91-5 Density 1.52 g/cm3
PSA 91.16000 LogP 0.91830
Solubility Soluble in water (2.2 mg/ml), 100% ethanol (29 mg/ml), propylene glycol, acetone, DMSO (6.5 mg/ml), and methanol. Melting Point 272-274 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Formula C9H15N5O Boiling Point 351.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 209.251 Flash Point 166.5 °C
Transport Information N/A Appearance White crystalline powder
Safety 26-36-45-36/37/39-22 Risk Codes 22-36/37/38-26/27/28
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 38304-91-5 (Minoxidil) Hazard Symbols HarmfulXn, VeryT+
Synonyms

Mimosine;Minoxidil(USP 24);Minoxidil USP/BP;Loniten (TN);U-10,858;2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-N-oxide;Prexidil;6-Amino-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-imino-4-piperidinopyrimidine;Alopexil;U 10858;Regaine;Minossidile [Italian];Prestwick_521;Minoximen;2,4-Pyrimidinediamine, 6-(1-piperidinyl)-, 3-oxide;Loniten;2,3-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-(1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinamine;Minoxidilum [INN-Latin];Pyrimidine, 2,4-diamino-6-piperidino-, 3-oxide;Minoxidil (USP);PDP;Tricoxidil;6-(1-Piperidinyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 3-oxide;2,6-Diamino-4-piperidinopyrimidin-1-oxid;Rogaine;Alostil;3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-(1-piperidyl)pyrimidin-4-amine;6-Piperidino-2,4-diaminopyrimidine 3-oxide;2,4-Pyrimidinediamine,6-(1-piperidinyl)-,3- oxide;2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide;2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinilpirimidina-3-ossido [Italian];Theroxidil;4-Pyrimidinamine, 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-(1-piperidinyl)-;

Article Data 19

Minoxidil Synthetic route

35139-67-4

2,6-diamino-4-chloro-pyrimidine N-oxide

38304-91-5

2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 106℃; for 2h;80%
110-89-4

piperidine

35139-67-4

2,6-diamino-4-chloro-pyrimidine N-oxide

38304-91-5

2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In dimethyl sulfoxide at 80℃; Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; various temp.; ΔH*, ΔS*;
65277-42-1

ketoconazole

38304-91-5

2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-oxide

Minoxidil Specification

1. Introduction of Minoxidil
Minoxidil is one kind of white crystalline powder. The IUPAC Name of this chemical is 3-Hydroxy-2-imino-6-piperidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-amine. Besides, the Product Category of Minoxidil is Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;API's;Potassium channel. In addition, its Classification Code is Antihypertensive; Antihypertensive agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Hair growth stimulant [topical]; Human Data; Reproductive Effect; Vasodilator agents. What's more, Minoxidil has poor solubility in water but soluble in alcohol and propylene glycol; sparingly soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in water; practically insoluble in chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate.

In 2007 a new foam-based formulation of 5% minoxidil was shown to be as effective as the liquid-based treatment for male pattern baldness.

2. Properties of Minoxidil
Physical properties about Minoxidil are:
(1)Index of Refraction: 1.723; (2)Density: 1.52 g/cm3; (3)Flash Point: 166.5 °C; (4)Melting point: 272-274 °C (dec.)(lit.); (5)Appearance: white crystalline solid; (6)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 69.06 kJ/mol; (7)Boiling Point: 351.7 °C at 760 mmHg; (8)Vapour Pressure: 2.38E-06 mmHg at 25 °C; (9)XLogP3: 1.2; (10)H-Bond Donor: 3; (11)H-Bond Acceptor: 3.

3. Structure Descriptors of Minoxidil
(1)InChI: InChI=1S/C9H15N5O/c10-7-6-8(12-9(11)14(7)15)13-4-2-1-3-5-13/h6,11,15H,1-5,10H2
(2)InChIKey: ZIMGGGWCDYVHOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(3)Canonical SMILES: C1CCN(CC1)C2=NC(=N)N(C(=C2)N)O
(4)Smiles: c1(N2CCCCC2)cc(n(=O)c(n1)N)N

4. Toxicity of Minoxidil

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
man LDLo oral 69mg/kg/34W-I (69mg/kg) CARDIAC: PERICARDITIS
CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION)
Western Journal of Medicine. Vol. 143, Pg. 527, 1985.
man TDLo oral 107ug/kg/3D-I (0.107mg/kg) BLOOD: THROMBOCYTOPENIA Annals of Internal Medicine. Vol. 92, Pg. 874, 1980.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 560mg/kg (560mg/kg)   Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. Vol. 121, Pg. 16, 1982.
mouse LD50 intravenous 51mg/kg (51mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 39, Pg. 1, 1977.
mouse LD50 oral > 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)   Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. Vol. 121, Pg. 16, 1982.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 759mg/kg (759mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 39, Pg. 1, 1977.
rat LD50 intravenous 49mg/kg (49mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 39, Pg. 1, 1977.
rat LD50 oral 1321mg/kg (1321mg/kg)   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 39, Pg. 1, 1977.
women TDLo oral 200ug/kg (0.2mg/kg) VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION
GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
Archives of Internal Medicine. Vol. 146, Pg. 2075, 1986.
 

5. Safety information of Minoxidil
Hazard Codes: HarmfulXn,VeryT+
Risk Statements: 22-36/37/38-26/27/28 
R22:Harmful if swallowed. 
R26/27/28:Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 26-36-45-36/37/39-22 
S22:Do not breathe dust. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing.
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

6. Uses of Minoxidil
Minoxidil (CAS NO.38304-91-5) can slow or stop hair loss and promote hair regrowth, so it is used for treatment of androgenic alopecia, among other baldness treatments. It was first used by  to treat high blood pressure. Now off-patent, it is available over-the-counter for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Minoxidil was first used exclusively as an oral drug to treat high blood pressure.

7. Production of Minoxidil
Minoxidil can be got from cyclization by methyl cyanoacetate chloride, to give 4-chloro-2,6-diaminopyrimidine (See 08910), perbenzoic acid and then with an oxidation reaction to obtain 6-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-imino-4-chloropyrimidine (C4H5CIN4O), the last condensation and Hexahydropyridine obtained Minoxidil.

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