Nitric acid

Molecular Structure:

Molecular Formula: HNO₃
Molecular Weight: 63.0128
IUPAC Name: Nitric acid
Synonyms of Nitric acid (CAS NO.7697-37-2): Nitric acid, anhydrous ; Acide nitrique ; Acide nitrique [French] ; Acido nitrico ; Acido nitrico [Italian] ; Acido nitrico [Spanish] ; Acidum nitricum ; Aqua fortis ; Azotic acid ; Azotowy kwas ; Azotowy kwas [Polish] ; EINECS 231-714-2 ; Engraver's acid ; HSDB 1665 ; Hydrogen nitrate ; Kyselina dusicne ; Kyselina dusicne [Czech] ; Nital ; Nitrous fumes ; Nitryl hydroxide ; RFNA ; Red fuming nitric acid ; Salpetersaeure ; Salpetersaure ; Salpetersaure [German] ; Salpeterzuuroplossingen ; Salpeterzuuroplossingen [Dutch] ; UNII-411VRN1TV4 ; Nitric acid (red fuming) ; Nitric acid (70% or less) ; Nitric acid (HNO3) 94.5% by weight or more HNO3 ; Nitric acid (conc 80% or greater) ; Nitric acid (greater than 70%) ; Nitric acid other than red fuming with >70% nitric acid ; Nitric acid other than red fuming with >70% nitric acid [UN2031] [Corrosive] ; Nitric acid other than red fuming with not >70% nitric acid ; Nitric acid other than red fuming with not >70% nitric acid [UN2031] [Corrosive] ; Nitric acid, red fuming ; Nitric acid, red fuming [UN2032] [Corrosive] ; UN2031 ; UN2032
CAS NO: 7697-37-2
Product Categories: Explosive Agents ; Human Data ; Mutation data ; Pharmaceutic aid [acidifying agent] ; Reproductive Effect
Melting point: -42 °C 
Index of Refraction: 1.409
Molar Refractivity: 9.6 cm³
Molar Volume: 38.8 cm³
Surface Tension: 58.6 dyne/cm
Density: 1.623 g/cm³
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 37.72 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 83 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 49.8 mmHg at 25°C

1. A solution of Nitric acid (CAS NO.7697-37-2) and alcohol, Nital, is used for etching of metals to reveal the microstructure.Nitric acid is also used in explosives, and is key to the manufacture of Nitroglycerin and RDX.
2. In a low concentration, it is often used to artificially age pine and maple. The color produced is a grey-gold very much like very old wax or oil finished wood (wood finishing).

Nitric acid (CAS NO.7697-37-2) is made by reacting nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water.
         3 NO₂ + H₂O → 2 HNO₃ + NO
For many years it was made by the reaction of sulfuric acid and saltpeter, but this method is no longer used.
         NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HNO₃
It is now manufactured by combusting ammonia in air in the presence of a (platinum or other noble metal) catalyst, and the nitrogen oxides thus formed are oxidized further and absorbed in water to form nitric acid.
            NH₃ + 2O₂ → HNO₃ + H₂O

EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Community Right-To-Know List.

Hazard Codes of Nitric acid (CAS NO.7697-37-2): C,O
Risk Statements: 8-35-34-20 
R8: Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 
R35: Causes severe burns. 
R34: Causes burns. 
R20: Harmful by inhalation.
Safety Statements: 23-26-36-45
S23: Do not breathe vapour. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S36: Wear suitable protective clothing. 
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
RIDADR: UN 3264 8/PG 3
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: QU5900000
F: 8
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: II
Human poison by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Corrosive to eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and teeth. Causes upper respiratory irritation that may seem to clear up, only to return in a few hours and more severely. Depending on environmental factors the vapor will consist of a mixture of the various oxides of nitrogen and nitric acid. Flammable by chemical reaction with reducing agents. It is a powerful oxidizing agent.

OSHA PEL: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
DFG MAK: 2 ppm (5.2 mg/m³)
NIOSH REL: (Nitric Acid) TWA 2 ppm
DOT Classification:  8; Label: Corrosive, Oxidizer, Poison

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-127 or NIOSH: Acids, Inorganic, 7903.

 Nitric acid , its cas register number is 7697-37-2. It also can be called Acide nitrique ; Acido nitrico ; Acidum nitricum ;
 Aqua fortis ; Azotic acid ; Azotowy kwas ; Engraver's acid ; Hydrogen nitrate ; Kyselina dusicne ; Nital ; Nitric acid ; Nitrous fumes ; Nitryl hydroxide ; Red fuming nitric acid ; Salpetersaeure ; Salpetersaure ; Salpeterzuuroplossingen ; UNII-411VRN1TV4 .
 Nitric acid (CAS NO.7697-37-2) is a colorless, highly corrosive liquid and a very powerful oxidizing agent that in the highly pure state is not entirely stable and must be prepared from its azeotrope by distillation with concentrated sulfuric acid. Nitric acid gradually yellows because of decomposition to nitrogen dioxide. Solutions containing more than 80% nitric acid are called fuming nitric acids. Something you should know ahout it as As follows:
1. Fire Fighting Measures of  Nitric acid 
General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Strong oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause fire. Substance is noncombustible. 
Extinguishing Media: Do NOT use water directly on fire. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Substance is noncombustible; use agent most appropriate to extinguish surrounding fire. 
2. Handling and Storage  of  Nitric acid
Handling: Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Use only in a chemical fume hood. 
Storage: Do not store near combustible materials. Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container. Corrosives area.