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Francium

Francium General

Name:Francium Symbol:Fr
Type: Alkali Metal Atomic weight:223
Density @ 293 K:1.873 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 71.07 cm3/mol
Discovered:

Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in 1939 when examining the radioactive decay of 227actinium. Francium, which was named after France, completed humankind's discoveries of naturally occurring elements. All elements discovered thereafter have been produced synthetically.

Francium States

State (s, l, g): solid
Melting point: 300 K (27 °C) Boiling point:950 K (677 °C)

Francium Energies

Specific heat capacity:J g-1 K-1 Heat of atomization: 73 kJ mol-1
Heat of fusion:2 kJ mol-1 Heat of vaporization : 64 kJ mol-1
1st ionization energy:384 kJ mol-1 2nd ionization energy:kJ mol-1
3rd ionization energy:kJ mol-1 Electron affinity:kJ mol-1

Francium Oxidation & Electrons

Shells:2,8,18,32,18,8,1 Electron configuration:[Rn] 7s1
Minimum oxidation number:0 Maximum oxidation number:1
Min. common oxidation no.:0 Max. common oxidation no.:1
Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):0.7 Polarizability volume:48.7 Å3

Francium Appearance & Characteristics

Structure:believed to be bcc: body-centered cubic Color:believed to be metallic
Hardness:mohs
Harmful effects:

Francium is highly radioactive.

Characteristics:

Francium is a heavy, unstable, radioactive metal with a maximum half-life of only 22 minutes. It has a low melting point (27 °C, 81 °F) and, if enough of it could be accumulated, it would be liquid in a warm room.

Francium is the second rarest element in the Earth's crust, next to astatine. Less than thirty grams of francium exists on Earth at any given time.

Francium is the least electronegative of all the elements, therefore it should be the most chemically reactive alkali metal. Unfortunately, it is not available in sufficient quantities to show it reacting with water - it is made in tiny quantities in particle accelerators. In theory, its reaction with water would be more violent than cesium's and very much more violent than sodium's.

Francium has been studied most recently at Stony Brook University, New York. Scientists there trapped up to ten thousand francium atoms at a time using laser beams in a magnetic field in order to measure their properties.


Uses:

Commercially, there are no uses for francium, due to its rarity and instability. It is used for research purposes only.

Francium Reactions

Reaction with air: Reaction with 6 M HCl:vigorous, ⇒ H2, FrCl
Reaction with 15 M HNO3: Reaction with 6 M NaOH:vigorous, ⇒ H2, FrOH

Francium Compounds

Oxide(s): Chloride(s):
Hydride(s):

Francium Radius

Atomic radius:pm Ionic radius (1+ ion):194 pm
Ionic radius (2+ ion):pm Ionic radius (3+ ion):pm
Ionic radius (2- ion):pm Ionic radius (1- ion):pm

Francium Conductivity

Thermal conductivity:3.61 W m-1 K-1 Electrical conductivity: x 10-6 S m-1

Francium Abundance & Isotopes

Abundance earth's crust:~ 0 parts per million, ~ 0 parts per million
Abundance solar system:~ 0 parts per billion by weight, ~ 0 parts per billion by moles
Cost, pure:$ per 100g
Cost, bulk: $ per 100g
Source:

Francium occurs naturally as a result of the alpha radioactive decay of actinium.

Isotopes:

Francium has 33 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 200 to 232. None are stable. 223Fr has the longest half-life at 21.8 minutes.

Francium Other

Other:

 


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