Thulium
Thulium General
| Name:Thulium | Symbol:Tm |
| Type:Rare Earth, Lanthanides | Atomic weight:168.9342 |
| Density @ 293 K:9.33 g/cm3 | Atomic volume:18.1 cm3/mol |
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Discovered:
1879 |
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Thulium States
| State (s, l, g):solid | |
| Melting point:1818.2 K | Boiling point:2000 K |
Thulium Energies
| Specific heat capacity:0.16 J/gK | Heat of atomization:232 kJ/mole atoms |
| Heat of fusion:16.840 kJ/mol | Heat of vaporization :191.0 kJ/mol |
| 1st ionization energy:596.7 kJ/mole | 2nd ionization energy:1163 kJ/mole |
| 3rd ionization energy:2544 kJ/mole | Electron affinity: 50 kJ/mole |
Thulium Oxidation & Electrons
| Shells:2,8,18,31,8,2 | Electron configuration:[Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
| Minimum oxidation number:0 | Maximum oxidation number:3 |
| Min. common oxidation no.:0 | Max. common oxidation no.:3 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling Scale):1.25 | Polarizability volume: 21.8 Å3 |
Thulium Appearance & Characteristics
| Structure:hcp: hexagonal close pkd | Color:silvery-white |
| Hardness:mohs | |
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Harmful effects:
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Characteristics:
soft Uses: alloys |
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Thulium Reactions
| Reaction with air:vigorous, => Tm2O3 | Reaction with 6 M HCl:mild, => H2, TmCl3 |
| Reaction with 15 M HNO3:mild, => Tm(NO3)3 | Reaction with 6 M NaOH: |
Thulium Compounds
| Oxide(s):Tm2O3 | Chloride(s): TmCl2 TmCl3 |
| Hydride(s):TmH2 TmH3 |
Thulium Radius
| Atomic radius:176 pm | Ionic radius (1+ ion): pm |
| Ionic radius (2+ ion):117 pm | Ionic radius (3+ ion):102 pm |
| Ionic radius (2- ion): pm | Ionic radius (1- ion): pm |
Thulium Conductivity
| Thermal conductivity:16.9 J/m-sec-deg | Electrical conductivity:13.5 1/mohm-cm |
Thulium Abundance & Isotopes
| Abundance earth's crust:-0.3 log | |
| Abundance solar system: -1.423 log | |
| Cost, pure:$13150 per 100g | |
| Cost, bulk:$ per 100g | |
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Source:
Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite |
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Isotopes:
1 |
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Thulium Other
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Other:
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