Phenobarbital

Base Information Edit

Chemical Name:Phenobarbital
CAS No.:50-06-6
Deprecated CAS:11097-06-6,46755-67-3
Molecular Formula:C12H12N2O3
Molecular Weight:232.239
Hs Code.:2933530000
European Community (EC) Number:200-007-0
NSC Number:128143,9848
UN Number:2811
UNII:YQE403BP4D
DSSTox Substance ID:DTXSID5021122
Nikkaji Number:J4.499G
Wikipedia:Phenobarbital
Wikidata:Q407241
NCI Thesaurus Code:C739
RXCUI:8134
Metabolomics Workbench ID:43392
ChEMBL ID:CHEMBL40
Mol file:50-06-6.mol

Synonyms:Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric;Gardenal;Hysteps;Luminal;Monosodium Salt Phenobarbital;Phenemal;Phenobarbital;Phenobarbital Sodium;Phenobarbital, Monosodium Salt;Phenobarbitone;Phenylbarbital;Phenylethylbarbituric Acid;Sodium, Phenobarbital

This product is a nationally controlled contraband, and the Lookchem platform doesn't provide relevant sales information.

Chemical Property of Phenobarbital Edit

Chemical Property:

Appearance/Colour:Crystalline Solid
Melting Point:174 °C
Refractive Index:1.6660 (estimate)
Boiling Point:374.4°C (rough estimate)
PKA:7.3, 11.8(at 25℃)
Flash Point:11 °C
PSA：75.27000
Density:1.234 g/cm³
LogP:1.35800
Storage Temp.:2-8°C
Solubility.:Very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). It forms water-soluble compounds with alkali hydroxides, carbonates and ammonia.
Water Solubility.:<0.01 g/100 mL at 14℃
XLogP3:1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:3
Rotatable Bond Count:2
Exact Mass:232.08479225
Heavy Atom Count:17
Complexity:339
Transport DOT Label:Poison

Purity/Quality:

Safty Information:

Pictogram(s): T
Hazard Codes:T,F
Statements: 61-25-40-43-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11
Safety Statements: 53-36/37-45-16

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

Drug Classes:Anticonvulsants
Canonical SMILES:CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
Recent ClinicalTrials:Lacosamide in Neonatal Status Epilepticus
Recent EU Clinical Trials:Pharmacokinetics of intravenous phenobarbital and lidocaine in the treatment of neonatal seizures of term neonates requireing therapeutic hypothermia
Indications It is mainly used for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia (used for short sleep time, early awakening), epilepsy and dyskinesia. It is an important drug for the treatment of major epileptic seizures and localized seizures.It can also be used as a drug for anti hyperbilirubinemia and before anesthesia.Injection is used for the treatment of epilepsy. It is effective for systemic and partial seizures. It is generally used when phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate are ineffective. It can also be used for other diseases caused by convulsions and before anesthesia. Phenobarbital can reduce cholestatic pruritus, possibly by enhancing hepatic microsomal function. Phenobarbital is sedating and may interfere with the metabolism of many drugs.
Description Phenobarbital (Item No. 9001494) is an analytical reference material categorized as a barbiturate. Phenobarbital is regulated as a Schedule IV compound in the United States. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Uses Phenobarbital exhibits relaxant, soporific, and anticonvulsant activities. It is widely used in treating epilepsy, chorea, and spastic paralysis, and is used as a component of a large number of combined drugs, valocordin and corvalol in particular. This is a controlled substance (depressant). Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic
Therapeutic Function Anticonvulsant, Antiepileptic, Hypnotic, Sedative
Clinical Use Antiepileptic
Drug interactions Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs Aminophylline and theophylline: metabolism of aminophylline and theophylline increased, reduced effect. Anthelmintics: concentration of albendazole and praziquantel reduced. Anti-arrhythmics: reduced concentration of disopyramide; possibly reduced concentration of dronedarone - avoid; possibly increases metabolism of propafenone. Antibacterials: reduced concentration of chloramphenicol, doxycycline, metronidazole, telithromycin and rifampicin - avoid with telithromycin. Anticoagulants: increased metabolism of coumarins (reduced effect); concentration of apixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban reduced. Antidepressants: antagonise anticonvulsant effect; reduces concentration of paroxetine, reboxetine, mianserin and tricyclics; concentration reduced by St John’s wort - avoid. Antiepileptics: concentration increased by oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, stripentol and valproate and possibly carbamazepine, also active metabolite of oxcarbazepine reduced and valproate concentration reduced, concentration of fosphenytoin and phenytoin usually reduced but can also be increased; concentration of ethosuximide, rufinamide and topiramate possibly reduced; concentration of lamotrigine, tiagabine and zonisamide reduced. Antifungals: possibly reduced concentration of itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole - avoid with voriconazole; reduced absorption of griseofulvin (reduced effect). Antimalarials: avoid with piperaquine with artenimol; anticonvulsant effect antagonised by mefloquine. Antimuscarinics: possibly reduces active metabolite of fesoterodine - avoid. Antipsychotics: antagonise anticonvulsant effect; metabolism of haloperidol increased; possibly reduces aripiprazole concentration - increase aripiprazole dose; concentration of both drugs reduced with chlorpromazine; possibly reduces clozapine concentration; possibly reduces lurasidone concentration - avoid. Antivirals: concentration of abacavir, boceprevir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, rilpivirine and saquinavir possibly reduced; avoid with boceprevir and rilpivirine; possibly reduces daclatasvir, dasabuvir, ombitasvir, paritaprevir and simeprevir concentration - avoid; avoid with elvitegravir, etravirine, ledipasvir, sofosbuvir and telaprevir; possibly reduces concentration of dolutegravir. Apremilast: possibly reduces concentration of apremilast - avoid. Bile acids: avoid with cholic acid. Calcium-channel blockers: effects of calcium-channel blockers probably reduced - avoid with isradipine and nimodipine. Cannabis extract: possibly reduces concentration of cannabis extract - avoid. Ciclosporin: reduced ciclosporin levels. Cobicistat: possibly reduces concentration of cobicistat - avoid. Corticosteroids: metabolism of corticosteroids accelerated, reduced effect. Cytotoxics: possibly reduced concentration of axitinib, increase axitinib dose; possibly reduced concentration of bortezomib, bosutinib, cabozantinib, ceritinib, crizotinib, dasatinib, ponatinib and vandetanib - avoid; avoid with cabazitaxel, ceritinib, dabrafenib, gefitinib, olaparib and panobinostat; concentration of irinotecan and its active metabolite and possibly etoposide reduced; possible increased hypersensitivity reactions with procarbazine. Diuretics: concentration of eplerenone reduced - avoid; increased risk of osteomalacia with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Guanfacine: concentration of guanfacine possibly reduced - increase dose of guanfacine. Hormone antagonists: possibly reduced concentration of abiraterone - avoid; metabolism of toremifene accelerated. Ivacaftor: possibly reduced concentration of ivacaftor - avoid. Oestrogens and progestogens: metabolism accelerated, reduced contraceptive effect. Orlistat: possibly increased risk of convulsions. Sodium oxybate: enhanced effects of sodium oxybate - avoid. Tacrolimus: concentration of tacrolimus reduced. Ulipristal: contraceptive effect reduced - avoid.

Technology Process of Phenobarbital

There total 27 articles about Phenobarbital which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 91.0%