Gluconic Acid

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Gluconic Acid
• CAS No.: 526-95-4
• Deprecated CAS: 723724-74-1,880385-91-1,887830-55-9,880385-91-1,887830-55-9
• Molecular Formula: C6H12O7
• Molecular Weight: 196.157
• Hs Code.: 29181600
• European Community (EC) Number: 208-401-4
• ICSC Number: 1738
• UNII: R4R8J0Q44B
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID8027169,DTXSID8042000
• Nikkaji Number: J3.286G
• Wikipedia: Gluconic_acid
• Wikidata: Q407569
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C61777
• RXCUI: 2475956
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 37337
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL464345
• Mol file: 526-95-4.mol

Synonyms:boron gluconate;D-gluconate;D-gluconic acid;dextronic acid;gluconate;gluconic acid;gluconic acid, (113)indium-labeled;gluconic acid, (14)C-labeled;gluconic acid, (159)dysprosium-labeled salt;gluconic acid, (99)technecium (5+) salt;gluconic acid, 1-(14)C-labeled;gluconic acid, 6-(14)C-labeled;gluconic acid, aluminum (3:1) salt;gluconic acid, ammonium salt;gluconic acid, calcium salt;gluconic acid, cesium(+3) salt;gluconic acid, cobalt (2:1) salt;gluconic acid, copper salt;gluconic acid, Fe(+2) salt, dihydrate;gluconic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt;gluconic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt;gluconic acid, manganese (2:1) salt;gluconic acid, monolithium salt;gluconic acid, monopotassium salt;gluconic acid, monosodium salt;gluconic acid, potassium salt;gluconic acid, sodium salt;gluconic acid, strontium (2:1) salt;gluconic acid, tin(+2) salt;gluconic acid, zinc salt;lithium gluconate;magnerot;magnesium gluconate;maltonic acid;manganese gluconate;pentahydroxycaproic acid;sodium gluconate;zinc gluconate

Chemical Property of Gluconic Acid

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: clear yellow to brownish-yellow solution
• Vapor Pressure: 4.95E-21mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 15 °C
• Refractive Index: 1.4161
• Boiling Point: 673.6 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: pK (25°) 3.60
• Flash Point: 375.2 °C
• PSA: 138.45000
• Density: 1.763 g/cm³
• LogP: -3.49310
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Solubility.: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water
• Water Solubility.: Soluble in water.
• XLogP3: -3.4
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
• Rotatable Bond Count: 5
• Exact Mass: 196.05830272
• Heavy Atom Count: 13
• Complexity: 170

Purity/Quality:

50%,99%, ^*data from raw suppliers

D-GluconicAcid(50%inWater) ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xi; C
• Hazard Codes: Xi:Irritant
• Statements: R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
• Safety Statements: S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.; S37/39:Wear suitable g

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Organic Acids
• Canonical SMILES: C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O
• Isomeric SMILES: C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O
• Inhalation Risk: Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.
• Description: Gluconic acid (also known as gluconate) is an organic compound occurring widely in nature arising from the glucose oxidation. It is naturally found in fruit, honey and wine. It can also be used as a food additive to regulate acidity and a cleaning agent in alkaline solution. Its calcium salt, calcium gluconate can be used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid and avoid necrosis of deep tissues as well as treating the verapamil poisoning and hypocalcemia in hospitalized patient. Some salts of gluconate can also be used to treat malaria (quinidine gluconate) and anemia (ferrous gluconate). In microbiology, gluconate is a common carbon source that can be supplemented to the medium for cell growth. Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta hydroxy hexanoic acid. In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion. The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
• Physical properties: The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain with five hydroxyl groups terminating in a carboxylic acid group. In aqueous solution, gluconic acid exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.
• Uses: A chemical used in glycolytic pathway studies. Gluconic Acid is an acidulant that is a mild organic acid which is the hydrolyzed form of glucono-delta-lactone. it is prepared by the fermentation of dextrose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced. it is soluble in water with a solubility of 100 g/100 ml at 20°c. it has a mild taste and at 1% has a ph of 2.8. it functions as an antioxidant and enhances the function of other antioxidants. in beverages, syrups, and wine, it can eliminate calcium turbidities. it is used as a leavening component in cake mixes, and as an acid component in dry-mix desserts and dry beverage mixes. Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine. As a food additive it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products.

Technology Process of Gluconic Acid

There total 254 articles about Gluconic Acid which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 94.7%

D-Galactose (59-23-4) → D-galactonic acid (133-42-6,488-33-5,526-95-4,526-97-6,576-36-3,642-99-9,1114-17-6,3956-93-2,6906-37-2,7760-07-8,13382-27-9,20246-33-7,20246-35-9,20246-52-0,20246-53-1,21675-42-3,22430-69-9,24871-35-0,28223-42-9,28278-17-3,51547-37-6)

Guidance literature:

With potassium hydroxide; oxygen; gold on Al₂O₃; In water; at 40 ℃; for 2h; pH=9.0;

Reference yield: 87.1%

D-Galactose (10257-28-0) → D-galactonic acid (133-42-6,488-33-5,526-95-4,526-97-6,576-36-3,642-99-9,1114-17-6,3956-93-2,6906-37-2,7760-07-8,13382-27-9,20246-33-7,20246-35-9,20246-52-0,20246-53-1,21675-42-3,22430-69-9,24871-35-0,28223-42-9,28278-17-3,51547-37-6)

Guidance literature:

With oxygen; In water; at 39.84 ℃; for 2h; under 760.051 Torr; Schlenk technique;

DOI:10.1246/cl.160364

Reference yield: 2.0%

D-Galactose (59-23-4) → talonic acid (20246-35-9) + D-galactonic acid (133-42-6,488-33-5,526-95-4,526-97-6,576-36-3,642-99-9,1114-17-6,3956-93-2,6906-37-2,7760-07-8,13382-27-9,20246-33-7,20246-35-9,20246-52-0,20246-53-1,21675-42-3,22430-69-9,24871-35-0,28223-42-9,28278-17-3,51547-37-6)

Guidance literature:

With sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate; calcium chloride; In sodium hydroxide; at 50 ℃;

DOI:10.1016/0008-6215(84)85210-6

upstream raw materials:

N-acetyl-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)anilino β-D-glucopyranoside

N-acetyl-4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)anilino β-D-glucopyranoside

L-gulose

D-Glucuronic acid

Downstream raw materials:

L-gluconic acid

gluconic acid

N-(n-heptyl)-D-gluconamide

D-Arabinose

Refernces

• 1、 Kumar, Amit,Kumari, Nitee,Kwon, Taewan,Lee, In Su,Lim, Jongwon,Son, Chang Yun. "Au/Pt-Egg-in-Nest Nanomotor for Glucose-Powered Catalytic Motion and Enhanced Molecular Transport to Living Cells". . p. 17579 - 17586. Retrieved 2021.
• 2、 Moyer et al.. "-". . p. 777. Retrieved 1937.
• 3、 Solmi, Stefania,Morreale, Calogero,Ospitali, Francesca,Agnoli, Stefano,Cavani, Fabrizio. "Oxidation of d-Glucose to Glucaric Acid Using Au/C Catalysts". . p. 2797 - 2806. Retrieved 2017.
• 4、 Wehmer. "-". . p. 419. Retrieved 1928.
• 5、 Oenal,Schimpf,Claus. "Structure sensitivity and kinetics of D-glucose oxidation to D-gluconic acid over carbon-supported gold catalysts". . p. 122 - 133. Retrieved 2004.
• 6、 Liu, Anqiu,Huang, Zhong,Wang, Xiaochen. "Efficient Oxidation of Glucose into Gluconic Acid Catalyzed by Oxygen-Rich Carbon Supported Pd Under Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure". . p. 2019 - 2029. Retrieved 2018.
• 7、 Pichon. "-". . . Retrieved 1931.
• 8、 Rice, Patrick D.,Bobbitt, Donald R.. "Direct monitoring of enzyme-catalyzed reactions via laser-based polarimetry". . p. 1661 - 1665. Retrieved 1990.
• 9、 Sun, Kai,Hu, Jinzhong,Meng, Xiangyu,Lei, Yunfeng,Zhang, Xuezhong,Lu, Zhuoxuan,Zhang, Liming,Wang, Zhifei. "Reinforcing the Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death Via Artificial Engineered Cascade Bioreactor-Enhanced Chemo-Immunotherapy for Optimizing Cancer Immunotherapy". . . Retrieved 2021.
• 10、 Chakraborti, Subhendu,Bahnson, Brian J.. "Crystal structure of human senescence marker protein 30: Insights linking structural, enzymatic, and physiological functions". . p. 3436 - 3444. Retrieved 2010.