Glucagon

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Glucagon
• CAS No.: 16941-32-5
• Molecular Formula: C153H225N43O49S
• Molecular Weight: 3482.75
• Hs Code.: 2937190000
• Mol file: 16941-32-5.mol

Synonyms:Glucagon

Chemical Property of Glucagon

Chemical Property:

• PSA: 1564.04000
• Density: 1.539 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.41090
• Storage Temp.: −20°C
• Solubility.: Practically insoluble in water and in most organic solvents. It is soluble in dilute mineral acids and in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.

Purity/Quality:

98% ^*data from raw suppliers

Glucagon ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s):  
• Hazard Codes: 

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Indications: Oral administration of this product is invalid, injection treatment is frequently applied. The action time in vivo is short; it will work after? 5 minutes of intravenous injection. Blood glucose can be increased by 50% in 30 minutes. It is sustainable about 1 hour. It mainly inactivated in the liver, kidney and plasma. Plasma half-life time is 3 to 6 minutes. In clinical practice, it is used for insulin-dependent diabetes patients with severe hypoglycemic coma and the disability to eat, but also for the determination of pancreatic function, diagnosis of pancreatic tumor and pheochromocytoma. It is mainly used for acute heart failure, digitalis ineffective heart failure, heart failure with cardiogenic shock for circulatory system use. The efficacy of glucagon on chronic heart failure is poor. The main indications are as follows: ① acute low-emission syndrome. ② coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathy caused by acute heart failure or cardiogenic shock. ③ arrhythmia caused by the combined treatment of propranolol to digitalis poisoning.
• Uses: Hypoglycemia?(diabetes?mellitus) Glucagon is an Amino Acid sequence. Glucagon has been used:in the stimulation of human primary hepatocytes for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) productionfor measuring glucagon response in miceto induce gluconeogenic stimuli in primary hepatocytes Glucagon is a polypeptide secreted by the α cells of the pancreatic islets. Its physiological actions include stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in response to hypoglycaemia and amino acids and as part of the stress response. These effects are mediated by increasing adenylate cyclase activity and intracellular cAMP by a mechanism independent of the β-adrenergic receptor. It increases cAMP in myocardial cells and so increases cardiac contractility. Glucagon causes nausea and vomiting, hyperglycaemia and hyperkalaemia and is not used as an inotrope except in the management of β-blocker poisoning.
• Biological Functions: Glucagon, a 29-amino-acid, straight-chain polypeptide of α-cell pancreatic origin, triggers liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, thereby elevating glucose levels. The principal action of glucagon is the liver-mediated release into the blood of abnormally high concentrations of glucose, which causes hyperglycemia. This means that glucagon has an effect on blood glucose levels that is opposite to what occurs with insulin.
• Clinical Use: Endogenous glucagon isproduced from the gene-derived protein PG in the cells ofthe islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The core functionof this hormone is to renormalize blood glucose levels whenthey fall too low, by stimulating production from glycogen stores in liver and muscle, and stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis.Glucagon also elicits biochemical processes (suchas fatty acid oxidation) that supply the needed precursors forgluconeogenesis. Glucagon supplied exogenously (i.e., injected)in response to emergency hypoglycemia acts rapidlyto elicit these same responses. Clinically, glucagon also providesan alternative to cholinergic antagonists for reducingGI motility and secretory activity during radiologic imagingprocedures. The glucagon test is performed to identify glucagonoma. It is also performed clinically to measure glucose control in patients who have developed type 2 diabetes, or in patients who may be insulin-resistant. Glucagon administration is used in the treatment of hypoglycemia, in anaphylactic reaction in patients on beta-blocker therapy, in beta-blocker- or calcium channel blocker-induced myocardial depression unresponsive to standard measures, and in the temporary inhibition of gastrointestinal movement during radiologic examinations.