Manganese dioxide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Manganese dioxide
• CAS No.: 1313-13-9
• Deprecated CAS: 301678-04-6,1363198-04-2,1679350-32-3,1988696-45-2,2102309-28-2
• Molecular Formula: MnO2
• Molecular Weight: 86.9368
• Hs Code.: 2820 10 00
• European Community (EC) Number: 215-202-6
• ICSC Number: 0175
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID501314019
• Wikipedia: Manganese dioxide,Manganese(IV) oxide,Manganese_dioxide
• Wikidata: Q407674
• Mol file: 1313-13-9.mol

Synonyms:manganese dioxide;pyrolusite;vernadite

Chemical Property of Manganese dioxide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: black powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
• Melting Point: 535 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• Flash Point: 535oC
• PSA: 34.14000
• Density: 5.02 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.23760
• Storage Temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
• Solubility.: <0.001g/l insoluble
• Water Solubility.: insoluble
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 86.927872
• Heavy Atom Count: 3
• Complexity: 18.3

Purity/Quality:

91.0% Min ^*data from raw suppliers

Manganese(IV) oxide ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xn
• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Statements: 20/22
• Safety Statements: 25

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Manganese Compounds, Inorganic
• Canonical SMILES: O=[Mn]=O
• Inhalation Risk: Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The aerosol is irritating to the respiratory tract.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: The substance may have effects on the lungs and central nervous system. This may result in increased susceptibility to bronchitis, pneumonitis and neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders (manganism). Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.
• Description: Manganese dioxide, mainly used as a depolarizer in dry cell batteries, is the most important non-metallic form of manganese. In either traditional alkaline and rechargeable battery cells, Manganese dioxide takes in electrons through a redox reaction, becoming Manganese III oxide. It also has applications in lithium-ion technologies. It is also the primary precursor to ferromanganese, an alloy of iron used for its lower melting point and low cost. It is black in appearance and used to color glass and ceramics, as well as for cave art and possibly body paint in prehistorical eras. Further uses include the purification of drinking water, and production of pure oxygen and chlorine.
• Physical properties: Black tetragonal crystals; density 5.08 g/cm3; Moh’s hardness 6.3; decomposes at 535°C; insoluble in water.
• Uses: Manganese(IV) oxide is the most important ore of manganese from which the metal is mostly manufactured. The oxide occurs in nature as the mineral pyrolusite as heavy gray lumps, or black when powdered. The mineral is used to produce manganese metal, most manganese salts, and also manganese steel and other alloys. The metallurgical applications of manganese(IV) oxide mainly involve making ferromanganese and special manganese alloys. Another important application of manganese(IV) oxide is in manufacturing dry-cell batteries and alkaline cells. The oxide also is a colorant in brick, tile, porcelain and glass; a drier for paints and varnishes; a 552 MANGANESE(IV) OXIDEpreparation for printing and dyeing textiles; a curing agent for polysulfide rubbers; an adsorbent for hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide; an oxidizing agent in many organic syntheses such as quinone and hydroquinone; and a catalyst in laboratory preparation of oxygen from potassium chlorate. Manganese(IV) oxide also is used to make welding rods and fluxes, and ceramic magnets (ferrites); and is an additive to fertilizers. The mineral is the source of manganese and all its Compounds; largely used in manufacture of manganese steel; oxidizer; in alkaline batteries (dry cells); for making amethyst glass, decolorizing glass; painting on porcelain, faience and majolica. The ppt is used in electrotechnics, pigments, browning gun barrels, drier for paints and varnishes, printing and dyeing textiles. As an oxidizing agent, source of metallic manganese, decolorizing glass, painting porcelain, as an analytical reagentManganese(IV) oxide is used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis such as oxidation of allylic/benzylic alcohols, as a textile dye, as a reducing agent, and as a component of dry cell batteries such as zinc-carbon battery and alkaline battery. It is also used in making pigments for glasses and ceramics, and drier for paints. Further it is used in the manufacture of manganese steel and several manganese derivatives including potassium permanganate, a powerful versatile oxidant. Catalytic hydration of nitriles to amides by flowing through manganese dioxide has been reported. Manganese dioxide supported on inorganic oxide can be used for oxidation of methylamine through CWAO (Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation). It has high potential as highly efficient and robust material for water oxidation reaction (WORs).

Technology Process of Manganese dioxide

There total 518 articles about Manganese dioxide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

manganese (7439-96-5) → manganese(IV) oxide (1313-13-9) + potassium permanganate (7722-64-7) + permanganate(VII) ion (14333-13-2) + permanganic acid (13465-41-3)

Guidance literature:

In further solvent(s); byproducts: O2, CO2; Electrolysis; in 4n K2CO3 soln., current density 0.1 A/cm2;

Reference yield:

dipotassium peroxodisulfate + manganese(II) oxide → manganese(IV) oxide (1313-13-9) + potassium hydrogensulfate (7646-93-7) + permanganic acid (13465-41-3)

Guidance literature:

silver (I) ion; In water; in alk. soln.;

Reference yield:

barium manganate + sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) → manganese(IV) oxide (1313-13-9) + permanganic acid (13465-41-3)

Guidance literature:

In water; byproducts: BaSO4, H2O; stirring (1 h);

upstream raw materials:

manganese(ll) chloride

sodium hydroxide

potassium permanganate

manganese(II) nitrate

Downstream raw materials:

5-(adamantan-1-yloxymethyl)-1-benzyl-2-cyclohexyl-1H-imidazole4-carbaldehyde

(E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene

1-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde

5-(2-adamantan-1-yl-ethyl)-1-methyl-2-o-tolyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde

Refernces

• 1、 Khalid, Syed,Cao, Chuanbao,Wang, Lin,Zhu, Youqi,Wu, Yu. "A high performance solid state asymmetric supercapacitor device based upon NiCo2O4 nanosheets//MnO2 microspheres". . p. 70292 - 70302. Retrieved 2016.
• 2、 Geng, Jin-Peng,Wang, Zhao-Xi,Wu, Qiong-Fang,Li, Ming-Xing,Xiao, Hong-Ping. "A new 3D supramolecular manganese(II) complex constructed from benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylate and Oxalate: Synthesis, structural, and magnetic properties". . p. 301 - 305. Retrieved 2011.
• 3、 Zuo, Ling-Xia,Jiang, Li-Ping,Abdel-Halim,Zhu, Jun-Jie. "Sonochemical preparation of stable porous MnO2 and its application as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction". . p. 219 - 225. Retrieved 2017.
• 4、 Wang, Kun,Zeng, Dihao,Zhang, Jian-Guo,Cui, Yan,Zhang, Tong-Lai,Li, Zhi-Min,Jin, Xin. "Controllable explosion: fine-tuning the sensitivity of high-energy complexes". . p. 12497 - 12501. Retrieved 2015.
• 5、 Saeed, Muhammad,Ilyas, Mohammad,Siddique, Mohsin. "Kinetics of lab prepared manganese oxide catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol in the liquid phase". . p. 447 - 460. Retrieved 2015.
• 6、 Tutundzic, P. S.,Mladenovic, S.. "". . p. 382 - 389. Retrieved 1955.
• 7、 Tomko, Timothy,Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan,Aksoy, Parvana,Foley, Henry C.. "Synthesis of boron/nitrogen substituted carbons for aqueous asymmetric capacitors". . p. 5369 - 5375. Retrieved 2011.
• 8、 Tanaka, Kazuya,Suzuki, Yoshinori,Ohnuki, Toshihiko. "Sorption and oxidation of tetravalent plutonium on Mn oxide in the presence of citric acid". . p. 1032 - 1033. Retrieved 2009.
• 9、 Sun, Hang,Li, Wen,Wollenberg, Lance,Li, Bao,Wu, Lixin,Li, Fengyan,Xu, Lin. "Self-organized honeycomb structures of Mn12 single-molecule magnets". . p. 14674 - 14680. Retrieved 2009.
• 10、 Chang, Qing,Zhang, Heng,Wang, Xujun,Shao, Weiquan,Li, Hongliang,Yuan, Feng,Xu, Xiangang,Xu, Sheng. "Structure and electrochemical performance of hollow microspheres of LiFexNi1/3-xCo1/3Mn1/3O2 (0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.267) as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries". . p. 56274 - 56278. Retrieved 2015.