Sodium cyanide

OSHA PEL: TWA 5 mg(CN)/m³ (skin)
ACGIH TLV: CL 5 mg(CN)/m³ (skin)
DFG MAK: 5 mg(CN)/m³
NIOSH REL: CL 5 mg(CN)/m³/10M
DOT Classification:  6.1; Label: Poison

The IUPAC name of this chemical is sodium cyanide. With the CAS registry number 143-33-9, it is also named as Hydrocyanic acid, sodium salt. The product's categories are Sodium Cyanide; Inorganics; Peroxidase Inhibitors; Essential Chemicals; Reagent Grade; Routine Reagents; Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology Reagents; Superoxide Dismutase. The structure of solid NaCN is related to that of sodium chloride. It is white crystals with faint odor of bitter almond, which is soluble in water, ammonia, ethanol and methanol. When contact with acid and water, it liberates very toxic gas. Additionally, this chemical should be sealed in the container and stored in the cool, ventilate and dry place. Keep Sodium Cyanide separate from alkali, acids and food additives.

The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)H-Bond Donor: 0; (2)H-Bond Acceptor: 2; (3)Rotatable Bond Count: 0; (4)Exact Mass: 48.992844; (5)MonoIsotopic Mass: 48.992844; (6)Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.8; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 3; (8)Formal Charge: 0; (9)Complexity: 12.8; (10)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2.

Preparation of Sodium Cyanide: It can be obtained by treating hydrogen cyanide with sodium hydroxide:
HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H₂O

Uses of Sodium Cyanide: It is mainly used to extract gold and other precious metals in mining. 
4 Au + 8 NaCN + O₂ + 2 H₂O → 4 Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4 NaOH 
It is also used to kill or stun rapidly such as in illegal cyanide fishing and in collecting jars used by entomologists. What's more, this chemica is used in plastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, metallurgy, electroplating, mineral processing and other industries. In addition, it can react with cycloheptanone to get 4-cyanocycloheptanone. This reaction needs reagents Na₂S₂O₈, Na₂SO₄ and solvent water at temperature of 80 °C. The reaction time is 5 hours. The yield is 35%.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
It is not only very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed, but also very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. And people should avoid release it to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.

People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure. 
1. SMILES:[C-]#N.[Na+]
2. InChI:InChI=1/CN.Na/c1-2;/q-1;+1
3. InChIKey:MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYAG

The following are the toxicity data which has been tested.

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
bird - wild	LD50	oral	4mg/kg (4mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA	Journal of Wildlife Diseases. Vol. 22, Pg. 538, 1986.
chicken	LD50	oral	21mg/kg (21mg/kg)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS	Journal of Wildlife Diseases. Vol. 22, Pg. 538, 1986.
child	LDLo	oral	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)	GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES	Forensic Science International. Vol. 38, Pg. 173, 1988.
dog	LD50	subcutaneous	5360ug/kg (5.36mg/kg)		JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 149, Pg. 113, 1952.
dog	LDLo	intravenous	1300ug/kg (1.3mg/kg)		Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 6, Pg. 349, 1947.
domestic animals - goat/sheep	LD50	oral	4mg/kg (4mg/kg)		Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 45, Pg. 359, 1978.
duck	LD50	oral	2500ug/kg (2.5mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0530251,
frog	LDLo	parenteral	60mg/kg (60mg/kg)	PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 166, Pg. 437, 1932.
guinea pig	LD50	subcutaneous	5800ug/kg (5.8mg/kg)		Medicina del Lavoro. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 46, Pg. 221, 1955.
human	LDLo	oral	2800ug/kg (2.8mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0528336,
human	LDLo	oral	2857ug/kg (2.857mg/kg)		"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 191, 1969.
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	oral	8mg/kg (8mg/kg)		Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 211, 1979.
man	LDLo	oral	6557ug/kg (6.557mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: FLUID INTAKE GASTROINTESTINAL: GASTRITIS	Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 1, Pg. 18, 1945.
man	LDLo	unreported	2206ug/kg (2.206mg/kg)		"Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
man	TDLo	oral	714ug/kg (0.714mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS	Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 20, Pg. 291, 1963.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	4900ug/kg (4.9mg/kg)		National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0528336,
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	3600ug/kg (3.6mg/kg)		American Journal of Physiology. Vol. 179, Pg. 60, 1954.
mouse	LD50	unreported	10mg/kg (10mg/kg)		Igaku No Ayumi. Progress in Medicine. Vol. 112, Pg. 861, 1980.
quail	LD50	oral	8500ug/kg (8.5mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA	Journal of Wildlife Diseases. Vol. 22, Pg. 538, 1986.
rabbit	LD50	intramuscular	1666ug/kg (1.666mg/kg)		Journal of the American College of Toxicology. Vol. 1(3), Pg. 120, 1982.
rabbit	LD50	ocular	5048ug/kg (5.048mg/kg)		Journal of the American College of Toxicology. Vol. 1(3), Pg. 120, 1982.
rabbit	LD50	skin	10400ug/kg (10.4mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR	National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0536153,
rabbit	LDLo	subcutaneous	2200ug/kg (2.2mg/kg)		JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 100, Pg. 1920, 1933.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	4300ug/kg (4.3mg/kg)		Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 43(12), Pg. 90, 1978.
rat	LD50	oral	6440ug/kg (6.44mg/kg)		"Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 13, 1972.
women	LDLo	oral	40mg/kg (40mg/kg)	GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES	Forensic Science International. Vol. 38, Pg. 173, 1988.