Sodium sulfate

   The hydrate of Sodium Sulphate (CAS NO.15124-09-1) is known as Glauber's Salt after the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670), who discovered it 1625 in Austrian spring water. He named it sal mirabilis (miraculous salt), because of its medicinal properties: the crystals were used as a general purpose laxative, until more sophisticated alternatives came about in the 1900s.
   Glauber's salt began to be used as a raw material for the industrial production of soda ash (sodium carbonate), by reaction with potash (potassium carbonate)in the 18th century. Demand for soda ash increased and supply of sodium sulfate had to increase in line. Therefore, in the nineteenth century, the Leblanc process, producing synthetic sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the principal method of soda ash production.

The Sodium Sulphate with CAS registry number of 15124-09-1 is also called Sulfuric acid sodium salt. Its EINECS registry number is 231-820-9. The IUPAC name is disodium sulfate. In addition, the molecular formula is Na₂O₄S and the molecular weight is 142.04.

Physical properties about this chemical are: (1)ACD/LogP: -1.03; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -5.53; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -5.53; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (7)#H bond acceptors: 4; (8)#H bond donors: 2; (9)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (10)Polar Surface Area: 82.98 Å²; (11)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 62.94 kJ/mol; (12)Boiling Point: 330 °C at 760 mmHg; (13)Vapour Pressure: 3.35E-05 mmHg at 25°C.

Preparation of Sodium Sulphate: The most important chemical sodium sulfate production is during hydrochloric acid production, either from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid. The equation is as follows: 2 NaCl + H₂SO₄ → 2 HCl + Na₂SO₄. And sulfuric acid can react with sodium hydroxide to give the product. The equation is as follows: 2 NaOH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2 H₂O(l).

Uses of Sodium Sulphate: At high temperatures, it can be reduced to sodium sulfide: Na₂SO₄ + 2 C → Na₂S + 2 CO₂(g). Its aqueous solutions can produce precipitates when combined with salts of Ba²⁺ or Pb²⁺, which form insoluble sulfates: Na₂SO₄(aq) + BaCl₂(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + BaSO₄(s). The largest use is as filler in powdered home laundry detergents, consuming approx. And it cab be used as a fining agent, to help remove small air bubbles from molten glass.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following:
During using it, you should avoid contact with skin and eyes.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
(2)InChI: InChI=1/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
(3)InChIKey: PMZURENOXWZQFD-NUQVWONBAZ