Sulfur

Molecular Structure of Sulfur (CAS NO.7704-34-9):

IUPAC Name: barium(2+) sulfate
Molecular Formula: S
Molecular Weight: 32.06
EINECS: 231-722-6
H bond acceptors: 0
H bond donors: 0
Freely Rotating Bonds: 0
Polar Surface Area: 0 Å²
Vapour Pressure: 12600 mmHg at 25 °C
EINECS: 231-722-6 
Melting point: 114 °C 
Boiling Point: 445 °C
Density: 2.36g/cm³
Flash Point: 168 °C
Water Solubility: Insoluble
Product Categories: Sulfur; Rubber Chemicals; Nonmetallic Element; Inorganics; FUNGICIDE; Essential Chemicals; Reagent Grade; Routine Reagents; AcaricidesMicro/Nanoelectronics; Electronic Chemicals; Pure Elements; InorganicsPesticides&Metabolites; AcaricidesPesticides; Alpha sort; Fungicides; Pesticides; Pesticides&Metabolites; Q-ZAlphabetic; S; SN - SZ

  Sulfur (CAS NO.7704-34-9) was known in ancient times and is referred to in the Torah (Genesis). English translations of the Bible commonly referred to burning sulfur as "brimstone", giving rise to the name of fire-and-brimstone' sermons, in which listeners are reminded of the fate of eternal damnation that await the unbelieving and unrepentant. It is from this part of the Bible that Hell is implied to "smell of sulfur" (likely due to its association with volcanic activity), although sulfur, in itself, is in fact odorless. The "smell of sulfur" usually refers to either the odor of hydrogen sulfide, e.g. from rotten egg, or of burning sulfur, which produces sulfur dioxide, the smell associated with burnt matches. The smell emanating from raw sulfur originates from a slow oxidation in the presence of air. Hydrogen sulfide is the principal odor of untreated sewage and is one of several unpleasant smelling sulfur-containing components of flatulence (along with sulfur-containing mercaptans). A natural form of sulfur known as shiliuhuang was known in China since the 6th century BC and found in Hanzhong. By the 3rd century, the Chinese discovered that sulfur could be extracted from pyrite. Chinese Daoists were interested in sulfur's flammability and its reactivity with certain metals, yet its earliest practical uses were found in traditional Chinese medicine. A Song Dynasty military treatise of 1044 AD described different formulas for Chinese black powder, which is a mixture of potassium nitrate (KNO₃), charcoal, and sulfur. Early alchemists gave sulfur its own alchemical symbol which was a triangle at the top of a cross. In 1777, Antoine Lavoisier helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was an element and not a compound. In 1867, sulfur was discovered in underground deposits in Louisiana and Texas. The overlying layer of earth was quicksand, prohibiting ordinary mining operations; therefore, the Frasch process was developed.

  Sulfur (CAS NO.7704-34-9) can be used in the manufacture of dyes and sulfuric acid, also used in medicine, rubber products, etc.

 Sulfur occurs naturally in the free state and in ores such as pyrite (FeS₂), sphalerite (ZnS), and chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂). Sulfur is recovered from natural sources such as calcite by the Frasch process (Fig. 1).
 Sulfur is also a constituent of petroleum and natural gas (as H₂S). Thus, removing hydrogen sulfide from natural and refinery gases with absorbents such as monoethanolamine and/or diethanolamine also produces elemental sulfur. The hydrogen sulfide is then converted to elemental sulfur by the Claus or modified Claus process (Fig. 2).
              2H₂S + 3O₂ → 2H₂O + 2SO₂
               2SO₂ + 2H₂S → 3S + H₂O
 Although there are diverse uses for sulfur, the largest application is in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.

FIGURE I Sulfur production by the Frasch process.

FIGURE 2 Sulfur production by the Claus process.

EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. A human eye irritant. A fungicide. Chronic inhalation can cause irritation of mucous membranes. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidizers. Explosive in the form of dust when exposed to flame. Can react violently with halogens, carbides, halogenates, halogenites, zinc, uranium, tin, sodium, lithium, nickel, palladium, phosphorus, potassium, indium, calcium, boron, aluminum, (aluminum + niobium pentoxide), ammonia, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, BrF₅, BrF₃, (Ca + VO + H₂O), Ca(OCl)₂, Ca₃P₂, Cs₃N, charcoal, (Cu + chlorates), ClO₂, ClO, ClF₃, CrO₃, Cr(OCl)₂, hydrocarbons, IF₅, IO₅, PbO₂, Hg(NO₃)₂, HgO, Hg₂O, NO₂, P₂O₃, (KNO₃ + As₂S₃), K₃N, KMnO₄, AgNO₃, Ag₂O, NaH, (NaNO₃ + charcoal), (Na + SnI₄), SCl₂, Tl₂O₃, F₂. Can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water or special mixtures of dry chemical. When heated it burns and emits highly toxic fumes of SO_x.
Other Safty informations about Sulfur (CAS NO.7704-34-9):
Hazard Symbols: F
Risk Codes:
R11:Highly flammable.
Safety Description:
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.
S26 :In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
Transport Information: UN 2448/1350

DOT Classification:  4.1; Label: Flammable Solid

  Sulfur (CAS NO.7704-34-9) is insoluble in water and sulfur in its powder is light yellow powder. It is soluble in carbon bisulfide, slightly soluble in ethanol and ethers. Its Synonyms are Sulfur, pharmaceutical ; Sulfur, precipitated [USP] ; Sulfur, sublimed [USP] ; AN-Sulfur Colloid Kit ; Agri-Sul ; Aquilite ; Asulfa-Supra ; Atomic sulfur ; Bensulfoid ; Brimstone .