Thionyl chloride

Product Name: Thionyl chloride 
Molecular Structure of Thionyl chloride (CAS NO.7719-09-7):

IUPAC Name: thionyl dichloride
CAS No: 7719-09-7
Molecular Formula: SOCl₂
Formula Weight: 118.97
H bond acceptors: 1
H bond donors: 0
Freely Rotating Bonds: 0
Polar Surface Area: 36.28 Å²
Index of Refraction: 1.593
Molar Refractivity: 20.6 cm³
Molar Volume: 60.8 cm³
Surface Tension: 76.7 dyne/cm
Density: 1.956 g/cm³
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 31.7 kJ/mol
Vapour Pressure: 100 mmHg at 25°C
Melting Point: -105 °C
Boiling Point: 79 °C(lit.)
Refractive Index: 1.518(lit.)
Flash Point: 105°C
Synonyms: chloruredethionyle ; Sulfinyl chloride ; Sulfinyl dichloride ; sulfinylchloride ; Sulfoxidechloride ; Sulfur chloride oxide ; Sulfur chloride oxide (Cl₂SO)
Product Categories: Inorganics; Chlorination; Halogenation; Synthetic Organic Chemistry; Reagent Grade; Electrolytes; C-X Bond Formation (Halogen); Synthetic Reagents; ChlorinationMaterials Science; ElectrolytesEssential Chemicals; Alternative Energy; Reagent Plus; Routine Reagents

 Thionyl chloride (CAS NO.7719-09-7) is mainly used in the industrial production of organochlorine compounds, which are often intermediates in pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals. It is used to convert carboxylic acids to  acyl chlorides and alcohols to the corresponding alkyl chlorides via an internal nucleophilic substitution.It is a component of lithium-thionyl chloride batteries, where it forms the anode with lithium as the cathode. In military usage, thionyl chloride is used in the "di-di" method of producing G-series nerve agents.

The main industrial synthesis involves the reaction of sulfur trioxide and sulfur dichloride^:

SO₃ + SCl₂ → SOCl₂ + SO₂

it also can  syntheses from phosphorus pentachloride or chlorine:

SO₂ + PCl₅ → SOCl₂ + POCl₃

SO₂ + Cl₂ + SCl₂ → 2 SOCl₂

SO₃ + Cl₂ + 2 SCl₂ → 3 SOCl₂

The first of the above three reactions also affords phosphorus oxychloride (phosphoryl chloride), which resembles thionyl chloride in many of its reactions.

SOCl₂ is a reactive compound that can explosively release dangerous gases upon contact with water and other reagents.
Hazard Codes: C
Risk Statements: 14-20/22-29-35-40-34-20/21/22
R14 :Reacts violently with water. 
R20/22:Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. 
R29:Contact with water liberates toxic gas. 
R35:Causes severe burns. 
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. 
R34:Causes burns. 
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-28-27
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) 
S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. 
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
RIDADR: UN 1836 8/PG 1
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: XM5150000
F: 19
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: I
HS Code: 28121095

 Thionyl chloride (CAS NO.7719-09-7) (also called thionyl dichloride) is an inorganic compound with the formula SOCl₂.A colorless to yellow fuming liquid with a suffocating pungent odor. Boiling point 79°C. A lachrymator. Highly corrosive and toxic. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects.