Frederick Sanger OM (born August 13, 1918) is a British molecular biologist who was working on problems related to the determination of the structure of proteins. His studies resulted in the determination of the structure of insulin; for this discovery he received Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958.

In 1975, he developed the chain termination method, also known as the "Sanger method."
He later received another Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980 "for contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids."
In 1992, the Sanger Centre in Cambridge, named after Frederick Sanger, was founded by the Wellcome Trust and the British Medical Research Council, the purpose of which is stated on their website as "to provide a major focus in the UK for mapping and sequencing the human genome, and genomes of other organisms."