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  • Harold Clayton Urey
  • Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893–January 5, 1981) was an American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934.

    In 1931, he and his associates went on to demonstrate the existence of heavy water.
    In autumn 1941, Urey, with G. B. Pegram, led a diplomatic mission to England to establish co-operation on development of the atomic bomb.
    After the war, Urey became professor of chemistry at the Institute for Nuclear Studies, then Ryerson professor of chemistry at the University of Chicago before progressing to honorific offices at the University of California, San Diego.
    In later life, Urey helped develop the field of cosmochemistry and is credited with coining the term. In 1952, Urey summarised his work in the book The Planets: Their Origin and Development .
    Urey died at La Jolla, California, and is buried in the Fairfield Cemetery in DeKalb County, Indiana.
    Apart from his Nobel Prize, he also won the J. Lawrence Smith Medal in 1962, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1966, and the Priestley Medal of the American Chemical Society in 1973.

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