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Carbon dioxide

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Name

Carbon dioxide

EINECS 204-696-9
CAS No. 124-38-9 Density 0.984 g/cm3
PSA 34.14000 LogP -0.58350
Solubility mL CO2/100mL H2O at 760mm: 171 (0°C), 88 (20°C), 36 (60°C) [MER06] Melting Point -78.5 °C(lit.)
Formula CO2 Boiling Point 326.9°C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 44.0098 Flash Point 160.2°C
Transport Information UN 1013 2.2 Appearance colourless odourless gas
Safety 9 Risk Codes N/A
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 124-38-9 (Carbon dioxide) Hazard Symbols N/A
Synonyms

Carbonoxide (CO2);Carbon-12 dioxide;Carbon-12C dioxide-16O2;Carbonic acidanhydride;Carbonic acid gas;Carbonic anhydride;Dry ice;EN 439C1;Khladon744;R 744;

Article Data 7009

Carbon dioxide Synthetic route

67-56-1

methanol

A

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

B

201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

C

1333-74-0

hydrogen

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water In gas production of H2 by steam reforming of methanol react.; catalyst: CeO2/Cu/Al2O3; detn. by gas chromy.;
With water In gas production of H2 by steam reforming of methanol react.; catalyst: Cu/Al2O3; detn. by gas chromy.;
With catayst:Pt/ γ -Al2O3 In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; total pressure: 1.36 - 5.84 bar, N2 carrier gas, 423 K; detected by gas chromy.;
98-01-1

furfural

A

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

B

6915-18-0

2-butenedioic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2.0CuO*P2O5; oxygen In water at 115℃; under 6000.6 Torr; Autoclave;A n/a
B 55%
67-56-1

methanol

A

34557-54-5

methane

B

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

C

201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

D

1333-74-0

hydrogen

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dihydrogen peroxide; 5% Pt/Al2O3 In water at 20 - 290℃; under 760.051 - 18617.8 Torr; for 0.00277778h; Conversion of starting material; Liquid phase;A n/a
B n/a
C n/a
D 85%
With dihydrogen peroxide; 6 wt % Pd-Ni/Al2O3-MnO2 In water at 50 - 220℃; under 760.051 - 17066.3 Torr; for 0.00416667h; Conversion of starting material; Liquid phase;A n/a
B n/a
C n/a
D 80%
With water at 300℃; Reagent/catalyst;
poly(4-hydroxystyrene)

poly(4-hydroxystyrene)

24424-99-5

di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

A

poly(hydroxystyrene-co-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene)

poly(hydroxystyrene-co-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene)

B

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: poly(4-hydroxystyrene); di-tert-butyl dicarbonate; dmap In propyleneglycolmonomethyl ether acetate at 23℃; for 8h;
Stage #2: With Dowex Mac-3 In propyleneglycolmonomethyl ether acetate
A 36.6%
B n/a
106-98-9

1-butylene

A

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

B

106-99-0

buta-1,3-diene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen at 370℃; for 20h;A 5.1%
B 57.3%
With oxygen In water at 420℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 8h; Reagent/catalyst; Flow reactor;
64-17-5

ethanol

A

34557-54-5

methane

B

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

C

201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

D

75-07-0

acetaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With cerium-nickel based oxyhydride In water at 450℃; Temperature;
With Ni-doped silica; water at 500℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 0.5h; Temperature; Reagent/catalyst;
With rhodium supported on Cobalt-based ceria In water at 326.84 - 526.84℃;
With water at 420℃; for 1h;
With water; hydrogen at 300℃; under 760.051 Torr;
67-63-0

isopropyl alcohol

air

air

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With cobalt(II,III) oxide In water at 90℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 1h; Catalytic behavior; Activation energy; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Flow reactor;90%
50-00-0

formaldehyd

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen at 240℃; under 760.051 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Flow reactor;100%
With platinum In sulfuric acid at 49.9℃; Mechanism; galvanostatic oxidation;
With dipotassium peroxodisulfate In water at 48.9℃; for 2h; Kinetics; Mechanism; Thermodynamic data; activation energy; -ΔS; ΔH; different peroxodisulfate, formaldehyde concentrations, reaction times and temperature;
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen at 180℃; Flow reactor;100%
With H2O; selenium; platinum In water at 200℃; under 22501.8 Torr; for 20h;43%
With hydrogen; oxygen at 80℃; under 760.051 Torr; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;40%
108-95-2

phenol

124-38-9

carbon dioxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With H2O In perchloric acid aq. HClO4; Electrochem. Process; oxidn. on boron-doped diamond anode; 1 M HClO4; at 25°C; anode potential 0-3.1 V; products monitored by HPLC;95%
With O40PW12(3-)*Co(2+)*H(1+); dihydrogen peroxide In water; glycerol at 79.84℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; Green chemistry;48.1%
With dihydrogen peroxide; pyrographite In water at 105 - 120℃; for 0.5h; Product distribution; investigation of the ctaytic oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide on an activated carbon surface;

Carbon dioxide Chemical Properties


IUPAC Name: Carbon dioxide
Empirical Formula: CO2
Molecular Weight: 44.0095
EINECS: 204-696-9
Classification Code: Human Data; Reproductive Effect; Stimulant [respiratory]
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with chemically active metals, such as alkali metals.
Melting Point: -78.5 °C(lit.)
storage temp.: -70 °C
Boiling point: -57 °C,
Index of Refraction: 1.246
Molar Refractivity: 6.98 cm3
Molar Volume: 44.7 cm3
Surface Tension: 3.4 dyne/cm
Density: 0.984 g/cm3
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 16.86 kJ/mol
Vapour Pressure of Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9): 28300 mmHg at 25 °C

Carbon dioxide History

1、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) was one of the first gases to be described as a substance distinct from air. In the seventeenth century, the Flemish chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont observed that when he burned charcoal in a closed vessel, the mass of the resulting ash was much less than that of the original charcoal.
2、The properties of Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) were studied more thoroughly in the 1750s by the Scottish physician Joseph Black.
3、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) was first liquefied (at elevated pressures) in 1823 by Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday.The earliest description of solid carbon dioxide was given by Charles Thilorier, who in 1834 opened a pressurized container of liquid carbon dioxide, only to find that the cooling produced by the rapid evaporation of the liquid yielded a "snow" of solid CO2.

Carbon dioxide Uses

1、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry. It is used in many consumer products.
2、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is used to produce carbonated soft drinks and soda water.
3、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is one of the most commonly used compressed gases for pneumatic (pressurized gas) systems in portable pressure tools and combat robots.
4、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) also finds use as an atmosphere for welding, although in the welding arc, it reacts to oxidize most metals. It is used as a welding gas primarily because it is much less expensive than more inert gases such as argon or helium.
5、Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9)  is a good solvent for many lipophilic organic compounds, and is used to remove caffeine from coffee.
6、In the chemical industry, Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is used for the production of urea, carbonates and bicarbonates, and sodium salicylate.

Carbon dioxide Production

 Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is produced mainly from six processes:
1、From combustion of fossil fuels and wood;
2、As a by-product of hydrogen production plants, where methane is converted to CO2;
3、As a by-product of fermentation of sugar in the brewing of beer, whisky and other alcoholic beverages;
4、From thermal decomposition of limestone, CaCO3, in the manufacture of lime, CaO;
5、As a by-product of sodium phosphate manufacture;
6、Directly from natural carbon dioxide springs, where it is produced by the action of acidified water on limestone or dolomite.

Carbon dioxide Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
human LCLo inhalation 9pph/5M (90000ppm)   Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933.
mammal (species unspecified) LCLo inhalation 90000ppm/5M (90000ppm)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 138, Pg. 65, 1928.

Carbon dioxide Consensus Reports

 Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9) is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Carbon dioxide Safety Profile

Safety Statements:  9 
S9:Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
RIDADR: UN 1013 2.2
F: 4.5-31
HazardClass: 2.2
PackingGroup:  III
Contact of solid Carbon dioxide snow with the skin can cause burns. Dusts of magnesium, zirconium, titanium, and some magnesium-aluminum alloys ignite and then explode in CO2 atmospheres. Dusts of aluminum, chromium, and manganese ignite and then explode when heated in CO2.

Carbon dioxide Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 10,000 ppm; STEL 30,000 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 5000 ppm; STEL 30,000 ppm
DFG MAK: 5000 ppm (9100 mg/m3)
NIOSH REL: (Carbon Dioxide) TWA 10,000 ppm; CL 30,000 ppm/10M
DOT Classification:  2.2; Label: Nonflammable Gas; DOT Class: 9; Label: None (UN 1845)

Carbon dioxide Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-172 or NIOSH: Carbon Dioxide, S249.

Carbon dioxide Specification

  Carbon dioxide (CAS NO.124-38-9), its Synonyms are Carbon oxide ; Carbon oxide, di- ; Carbonic acid anhydride ; Carbonic acid gas ; Carbonic anhydride ; Carbonica ; Caswell No. 163 ; Dioxido de carbono ; Dioxido de carbono [Spanish] ; Dioxyde de carbone ; Dioxyde de carbone [French] ; Dry ice . It is colourless odourless gas.

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