Reference

Pyrolysis and solvolysis of biomass in supercritical fluid solvents

Pyrolysis and solvolysis of biomass in supercritical fluid solvents. Townsend, Susan H.; Klein, Michael T. (Dep. Chem. Eng., Univ. Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA). Prepr. Pap. - Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 32(2), 133-42 (English) 1987. CODEN: ACFPAI. ISSN: 0569-3772. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 45 (Industrial Organic Chemicals, Leather, Fats, and Waxes) Section cross-reference(s): 52 Arom. model biomass compds. were heated with water at water reduced d. (d) ￡2.2. PhCH2OPh [946-80-5], PhCH2CH2OPh [40515-89-7], and (PhCH2)2O [103-50-4] underwent parallel pyrolysis and hydrolysis. The former path led to the usual products found in the lit., while solvolysis led to PhCH2OH [100-51-6] + PhOH [108-95-2], PhCH2CH2OH [60-12-8], + PhOH, and 2 mol PhCH2OH for the 3 arom. ethers, resp. PhCH2CH2Ph [103-29-7] and Ph(CH2)3Ph [1081-75-0] fragmented only by pyrolysis even at d 2.2. Solvolysis appeared to be a substitution reaction at a satd. C atom to which was attached a heteroatom-contg. leaving group. The pyrolysis and solvolysis rates of (PhCH2)2O were detd.In this experiment, several chemicals are used like 946-80-5 and 1081-75-0 and the solvolysis rate const. could be correlated with the solvent dielec. const. The transition state appeared more polar than the reactants. .

Carbon-carbon cleavage during asphaltene formation

Carbon-carbon cleavage during asphaltene formation. Collins, Clair J.; Raaen, Vernon F.; Benjamin, Ben M.; Kabalka, George W. (Chem. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA). Fuel, 56(1), 107 (English) 1977. CODEN: FUELAC. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 51 (Fossil Fuels, Derivatives, and Related Products) Section cross-reference(s): 25 To det. the nature of the bonds that are broken during the formation of asphaltenes in coal liquefaction, di- and triarylalkanes were studied under conditions of asphaltene formation. On heating 1,1,2-triphenylethane-1,2-14C and 1,1,2-triphenylethylene-1,2-14C with excess Tetralin [119-64-2] at 380.degree. for 1.5 h, 65% conversion to PhMe-14C and diphenylmethane-14C occurred. When vitrinite from Illinois no. 6 bituminous coal was added in absence of Tetralin, conversion was complete. Polystyrene-.alpha.-14C and Tetralin heated at 4.degree. for 18 h yielded PhMe-14C, ethyl-14C-benzene, and cumene-14C in 2:4:1 ratio, resp. 1,2-Di-p-tolylethane [538-39-6] and 1,2-diphenylethane [103-29-7] were converted at 400.degree. and 18 h to 22% p-xylene and 15% PhMe, resp. PhCH2OEt [539-30-0] was heated with Tetralin at 300.degree. for 68 h to give ethane, ethylene, PhMe, and water. Phenyl ethyl ether [103-73-1] heated with Tetralin at 400.degree. for 20 h gave PhOH and (tentatively identified) C6H6. C-C scission must be considered as an important factor in asphaltene formation.