Reference

The fate of nitrogenous model process solvents in coal liquefaction

The fate of nitrogenous model process solvents in coal liquefaction. Hellgeth, J. W.; Amateis, P. G.; Taylor, L. T. (Dep. Chem., Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA). Prepr. Pap. - Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 29(5), 99-105 (English) 1984. CODEN: ACFPAI. ISSN: 0569-3772. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 51 (Fossil Fuels, Derivatives, and Related Products) In bituminous coal liquefaction in 1-methylnaphthalene (I) [90-12-0], Tetralin [119-64-2], 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline [635-46-1], 2,3-cyclohexenopyridine [10500-57-9], 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline [91-21-4], 1-methyl-2,3,4-trihydroquinoline [491-34-9], or quinoline [91-22-5], conversion to pyridine-sols. is dependent on the presence of readily donatable H. Conversion to MePh-sols. is weakly dependent on the presence of N; the effect is increased when the N is accompanied by donatable H. The only reaction with a net increase in distillate recovery was that with I. Some (10-15%) solvent incorporation was obsd. into the residue or cracked to light ends, which accounts for the redn. in distillate recovery.

Metallophthalocyanines: new catalysts for coal liquid upgrading

Metallophthalocyanines: new catalysts for coal liquid upgrading. Boucher, L. J.; Dadey, E. J.; Spears, D. R. (Dep. Chem., West. Kentucky Univ., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA). Proc. - Int. Conf. Coal Sci., 763-6. Cent. Conf. Manage.: Pittsburgh, Pa. (English) 1983. CODEN: 53NIA5. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference CA Section: 51 (Fossil Fuels, Derivatives, and Related Products) Section cross-reference(s): 67 This paper gives the results of a study of a new class of hydrogenation catalysts, metallophthalocyanines [M(PC)], with specific ref. to their activity in the hydrogenation of model compds. representative of N-contg. heterocycles found in coal liqs. The model compd. substrates examd. were quinoline (I) [91-22-5], isoquinoline [119-65-3], quinaldine [91-63-4], 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline [635-46-1], 2,3-cyclohexanopyridine [10500-57-9], o-ethylaniline [578-54-1], pyridine [110-86-1], acridine [260-94-6], pyrrole [109-97-7], indole [120-72-9], carbazole [86-74-8], C6H6 [71-43-2], naphthalene [91-20-3], and phenanthrene [85-01-8] while the solvents were decane, hexadecane, xylenes, and 2,6-lutidine. The [M(PC)] used include those in which M is Mg(II), V(IV), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Si(IV), Mo(II), Ru(II), Ag(II), Sn(II), Sn(IV), Pt(II), and Pb(II). The catalysts were supported on SiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2-Al2O3. Batch hydrogenations were carried out at 150-350° and 500-3000 psi H. FT-IR measurements and metal analyses indicate that the catalysts show good stability under 1000 psi H in decane at 150-350° for 24 h. However, in the hydrogenation of I at 3250°, the phthalocyanine macrocycle slowly degrades. Further, in the hydrogenation of a model mixt., the degrdn. is appreciable even at 3200°. The support seems to influence the susceptibility of the catalyst to degrdn. In I hydrogenation at 250° and 1000 psi H pressure, the [Co(PC)] degrades when supported on SiO2 and Al2O3 but little or no degrdn. is noted when the catalyst is supported on SiO2-Al2O3.