Reference

Role of Actions of Calcium Antagonists on Efferent Arterioles - with Special References to Glomerular Hypertension

Role of Actions of Calcium Antagonists on Efferent Arterioles - with Special References to Glomerular Hypertension. Hayashi, Koichi; Ozawa, Yuri; Fujiwara, Keiji; Wakino, Shu; Kumagai, Hiroo; Saruta, Takao (School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan). American Journal of Nephrology, 23(4), 229-244 (English) 2003 Karger. CODEN: AJNED9. ISSN: 0250-8095. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) A review. Although calcium antagonists are used as a first-line antihypertensive agent, controversy attends the renal microvascular effects of calcium antagonists. Since calcium antagonists elicit predominant vasodilation of the afferent arteriole, they might ostensibly aggravate glomerular hypertension. Recently, novel types of calcium antagonists have been developed, some of which are reported to dilate efferent as well as afferent arterioles. The present review attempted to characterize the renal microvascular action of calcium antagonists, and evaluated the consequences of renal injury following the treatment with these antagonists. In contrast to predominant afferent arteriolar action of conventional calcium antagonists (e.g.Several substances with their cas registry numbers 75847-73-3 and 105979-17-7 may be metioned in this study., nifedipine, nicardipine, amlodipine and diltiazem), novel antagonists (e.g., manidipine, nilvadipine, benidipine and efonidipine) potently dilated both afferent and efferent arterioles. The vasodilator action on efferent arterioles appears to be mediated in part by the blockade of T-type calcium channels, particularly through the inhibition of the intracellular calcium release mechanism. The comparison of the anti-proteinuric action of calcium antagonists in sub-totally nephrectomized rats showed that efonidipine and enalapril, both possessing vasodilator action on efferent arterioles, exerted more prominent action than other calcium antagonists. Finally, in patients with chronic renal disease, a 48-wk treatment with efonidipine reduced proteinuria, and this effect was seen even when the mean arterial blood pressure failed to reach below 100 mm Hg. In conclusion, although calcium antagonists potently inhibit afferent arteriolar constriction, efferent arteriolar responses to these agents vary, depending on the types of calcium antagonists used. These divergent actions of these agents on the efferent arteriole may alter differently the glomerular hemodynamics, and could affect the final outcome of underlying renal diseases. .

Treatment of actinic keratoses with calcium channel blockers

All Rights Reserved. Treatment of actinic keratoses with calcium channel blockers. Easterling, W. Jerry; Bordovsky, Michael J. (Prescription Dispensing Laboratories, USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. US 2007027194 A1 1 Feb 2007, 9pp. (English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXCO. INCL: 514355000; 514521000. APPLICATION: US 2006-459562 24 Jul 2006.Several reagents with their cas registry numbers 105979-17-7 and 57-55-6 are used here. PRIORITY: US 2005-703042P 27 Jul 2005. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 63 (Pharmaceuticals) Section cross-reference(s): 1 The present invention relates to methods and topical compns. for the treatment and/or prevention of actinic keratoses comprising a calcium channel blocker selected from a diphenylalkylamine, a dihydropyridine, or a benzothiazepine calcium channel blocker. Thus, a topical gel was prepd. contg. verapamil HCl 15.00, ethoxydiglycol 19.50, propylene glycol 0.50, lecithin soya granular 13.10, iso-Pr myristate 13.10, sorbic acid 0.09, BHT 0.10, Pluronic F127 11.60, potassium sorbate 0.12, disodium edetate 0.01, and water 26.88%, resp. A patient with actinic keratoses on the head and hand was treated with a 15% verapamil topical gel obtained twice a day. After 2 to 3 wk of treatment, clin. significant redn. in the lesions was noted, with minimal irritation or inflammation of the lesions. Both lesions decreased about 80% in size after a few weeks treatment. .