Reference

Controlling fines migrations

Controlling fines migrations. Watkins, Larry A.; Graham, John W.; Salathiel, William M. (Exxon Production Research Co., USA). U.S. US 4018285 19 Apr 1977, 8 pp. (English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS: IC: E21B033-138. NCL: 166295000. APPLICATION: US 76-668557 19 Mar 1976. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 51 (Fossil Fuels, Derivatives, and Related Products) Section cross-reference(s): 37 To decrease migration of fines toward oil and natural gas wells, formations surrounding them are treated with a phenolic resin, which forms a film preventing the fines movement when petroleum or gas is produced from the formation. Thus, a steel core holder packed with sand and satd. with brine was treated sequentially by (1) a solvent preflush with 2-isopropoxyethanol (UCAR Solvent AC) [109-59-1], (2) an injection of a soln. contg. 20 wt.% of a powd. PhOH-HCHO resin (BRPE 4035) [9003-35-4] in MeOH and a silane coupling agent to provide a bond between sand and resin, (3) an overflush with refined paraffinic white oil, and (4) an extn. with brine. Fines migration was effectively controlled without affecting the core permeability.

Inhibition of metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster V-79 cells by structurally diverse teratogens

Inhibition of metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster V-79 cells by structurally diverse teratogens. Welsch, Frank; Stedman, Donald B. (Dep. Cell Biol., Chem. Ind. Inst. Toxicol., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA). Teratog., Carcinog., Mutagen., 4(3), 285-301 (English) 1984. CODEN: TCMUD8. ISSN: 0270-3211. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Chinese hamster cells (V-79) which display a specific form of cell-cell communication called metabolic cooperation were cultured in the presence of structurally diverse chem. teratogens. Among them were TPA (I) [16561-29-8], diphenylhydantoin (DPH) [57-41-0], warfarin [81-81-2], and a series of monoalkyl ethers of ethyleneglycol with alc. chain lengths from Me to Bu. Saccharin and ascorbic acid were examd. to represent 2 chems. which have been tested for teratogenic effects in lab. animals and cause no birth defects. Recovery of 100 6-thioguanine resistant V-79 (6-TGr) cells in coculture with 400,000 6-thioguanine-sensitive V-79 (6-TGs) cells in the presence of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and the chem. agent was measured. In amts. that neither interfered with colony-forming ability nor caused cytostasis when 100 6-TGr cells were plated alone, all of the substances except for saccharin and vitamin C increased the no. of surviving 6-TGr cells in a concn.-related manner. The recovery was increased by the presence of I (to 100% by 4 ng/mL), DPH (from 26% at 91 mM to 43% at 274 mM), warfarin (from 15.5% at 162 mM to 44.5% at 487 mM), and to variable extents by all 5 glycol ethers. The most efficacious in the latter group of compds. was the isopropyl ether [109-59-1] which raised 6-TGr recovery from 8% at 0.017M to 66% at 0.087M. The teratogens employed inhibited metabolic cooperation. These observations suggest that V-79 cells may be suitable to study inhibition of cell-cell communication as a mechanism of teratogenesis.