Detail of "1102-19-8"

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Use of dipyridylium compounds as electrochemical indicators

Use of dipyridylium compounds as electrochemical indicators. Shapiro, B. I.; Savel'eva, N. Ya.; Kuronova, S. M.; Savkina, I. N.; Kostan'yan, M. G. (USSR). Prib. Sist. Upr., (2), 45-6 (Russian) 1977. CODEN: PRSUBT. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 72 (Electrochemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 74 1,1'-Diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide (heptylviologen) [6159-05-3], 1,1'-didecyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide (decylviologen) [34075-15-5], and 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride (benzylviologen) [1102-19-8] were studied as electrochem. indicators. A 1 cm3 polystyrene cell was used for the investigation. The working electrodes were made of Pt and current-conducting glass with SnO2 coating, while the auxiliary electrodes were made of Ag/AgCl, Pt and glassy C, KCl, KBr, and KI solns. were used as supporting electrolyte and the image contrast increases as KCl < KBr < KI. No noticeable effect of concn. changes of viologen solns. in the range of 10-1-100M on the indicator working voltage value, no. of its working cycles and image contrast was obsd. All the measurements were made with solns. contg. 10-1M viologen and 10-1M supporting electrolyte. The working voltage of the electrochem. indicators (i.e. the voltage of 20% image contrast) depends considerably (from 2.5-0.5 V) on the viologen type, electrolyte compn. and electrodes. The best results were obtained for the heptylviologen and the decylviologen. The min. of working voltage (0.5-0.6 V) was obsd. on the Pt/Ag/AgCl electrodes system. The cycle no. for heptyl- and decyl-viologens on the Pt/glassy electrode system has a max. of 104-105 cycles.

Mechanism and application of plasma-initiated polymerization of vinyl monomers

Mechanism and application of plasma-initiated polymerization of vinyl monomers. Osada, Yoshihito; Iriyama, Yu; Takase, Mitsuo; Mizumoto, Akira (Dep. Chem., Ibaraki Univ., Mito 310, Japan). Proc. Int. Ion Eng. Congr., Volume 3, 1435-40. Edited by: Takagi, Toshinori. Int. Ion Eng. Congr.: Kyoto, Japan. (English) 1983. CODEN: 52KDA2. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference CA Section: 35 (Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers) The negligible rate of polymn. (e.g., of acrylamide, acrylamidoisobutanesulfonic acid) by plasma in DMF [68-12-2] may be related to the fact that 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride [1102-19-8] was reduced very rapidly by plasma in DMF to cation radicals. Org. dyes (e.g., methylene blue [61-73-4]) were also reduced quant. by plasma in DMF. Plasma-exposed DMF could also initiate polymn., indicating that the products of plasma exposure have sufficiently long lives to induce post-redn. and post-polymn. in DMF. The active species may be trapped electrons stabilized by DMF. Active species (probably anion radicals) responsible for polymn. are efficiently trapped by DPPH, causing changes in its spectra much faster than those caused by decompn. of AIBN. The concn. of radicals liberated by plasma was calcd. to be 13,000 times higher than that formed by AIBN decompn.