Reference

Effect of nonanal, citral, and citrus oils on germination of conidia of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum

Effect of nonanal, citral, and citrus oils on germination of conidia of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum. French, R. C.; Long, R. K.; Latterell, F. M.; Graham, C. L.; Smoot, J. J.; Shaw, P. E. (Plant Dis. Res. Lab., Frederick, Md., USA). Phytopathology, 68(6), 877-82 (English) 1978. CODEN: PHYTAJ. ISSN: 0031-949X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 5 (Agrochemicals) Suspensions of nonanal [124-19-6] in 1% water agar stimulated germination and swelling of conidia of P. digitatum (33% at 500 mL/L, 5 days, control 0%) and P. italicum (35% at 500 mliters/L, 3 days, controls 4.5%). Nonanal was the most active of the C6-C12 aldehydes studied. Decanal [112-31-2] and dodecanal [112-54-9] were very effective in causing swelling of spores. Citral [5392-40-5] was about as stimulatory at nonanal; a citral-nonanal mixt. [67470-83-1] was more stimulatory to germination, or induced more swelling, than either compd. alone. Suspensions of oils (1000 mL/L in 1% water agar) from orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, and tangerine, which contain these compds. along with many related compds. were more stimulatory than nonanal, citral, or mixts. and germination was more rapid.

Study of Fischer-Tropsch model compounds reacting over ZSM-5

Study of Fischer-Tropsch model compounds reacting over ZSM-5. Riley, M. G. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX, USA). Report, DOE/PC/51261-T1; Order No. DE84015698, 94 pp. Avail. NTIS From: Energy Res. Abstr. 1984, 9(20), Abstr. No. 39816 (English) 1984. DOCUMENT TYPE: Report CA Section: 51 (Fossil Fuels, Derivatives, and Related Products) Section cross-reference(s): 67 The decompn. of 3 Fischer-Tropsch model compds. (1-decanol [112-30-1], decanal [112-31-2], and heptane [142-82-5]) over ZSM-5 catalysts ion exchanged with Ni, Zn, and H was studied. The mechanisms of decompn. and the reaction kinetics of the model compds. were investigated as well as how exchanging the ZSM-5 with different cations affected the mechanisms, kinetics, and product distribution. 1-Decanol decompd. to didecyl ether, which was then dehydrated to form 1-decene. Decanal decompd. by 3 different mechanisms: Aldol condensation, cleavage of CO to form nonane, and redn. to 1-decanol. Heptane followed the classical carbonium ion chem. First order rate consts. and activation energies were calcd. for heptane/Ni-ZSM-5, 1-decanol-Ni-ZSM-5, 1-decanol/H-ZSM-5, decanal/Ni-ZSM-5, and decanol/H-ZSM-5. The activation energies for decompn. were 21 ± 4 kcal-g-mol for 1-decanol to 1-decene, 32 ± 3 kcal/g-mol for heptane; and 15 ± 3 kcal/g-mol on Ni-ZSM-5 and 21 ± 1 kcal/g-mol on H-ZSM-5 for decanal decompg. to nonane and CO. H-ZSM-5 was the most active catalyst of the 3 tested for decompn. of oxygenates. Ni-ZSM-5 was the most effective catalyst in the cracking of heptane. Due to its superior ability to decomp. oxygenates, H-ZSM-5 is the best choice for a Fischer-Tropsch liq. upgrading catalyst. For Fischer-Tropsch liqs. with high linear alkane contents, a small amt. of Ni or other dehydrogenation catalyst added to the H-ZSM-5 would probably prove beneficial.