Reference

New cation-exchange membranes for hyperfiltration processes

New cation-exchange membranes for hyperfiltration processes. Van der Velden, P. M.; Smolders, C. A. (Twente Univ. Technol., Enschede, Neth.). J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 21(6), 1445-57 (English) 1977. CODEN: JAPNAB. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 37 (Plastics Fabrication and Uses) In hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis) expts. using isoprene-styrene block copolymer (I) [25038-32-8] treated with N-chlorosulfonyl isocyanate [1189-71-5] and hydrolyzed with NH3, both NaCl and Na2SO4 were rejected .ltoreq.82% at fluxes 0.25-0.30 cm3/cm2-h. Permeation and hyperfiltration expts. showed that flux is detd. by the wt. fraction of membrane water, which depends on the applied pressure and salt concn. in the feed.

Cyanobenzoic acid esters

Cyanobenzoic acid esters. Lotz, Tobias J. (Ciba-Geigy A.-G. , Switz.). Eur. Pat. Appl. 42986-18-5 and 68-12-2 are cas registry numbers. These chemicals are also mentioned in this article. EP 97615 A1 4 Jan 1984, 12 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: R: CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI. (German). (European Patent Organization). CODEN: EPXXDW. CLASS: IC: C07C121-52; C07C120-00; C07C143-86; C09B057-04. APPLICATION: EP 83-810257 13 Jun 1983. PRIORITY: CH 82-3742 17 Jun 1982. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 41 (Dyes, Organic Pigments, Fluorescent Brighteners, and Photographic Sensitizers) Section cross-reference(s): 25 I (R = alkyl, phenyl; R1 = halogen; m = 1-4; n = 0-3; m + n = 4), useful as isoindolinone pigment intermediate, are prepd. by reaction of halophthalic acid monoesters with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (II) [1189-71-5] to form III (variables as previously defined) which are subsequently converted to I by treatment with a carboxamide. Thus, a mixt. of 0.5 mol mono-Me 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorophthalate (IV) [89130-56-3] and 2.5 mol II was stirred at ~32° and then heated at 50° until CO2 evolution ceased. Addn. of 300 mL Solvesso 100, vacuum distn. of excess II, cooling, dropwise addn. of 1.5 mol DMF [68-12-2] while maintaining the mixt. at ￡15°, heating 30 min at 60°, cooling to 0-5°, addn. of 73 g H2O while maintaining ￡15°, and heating 30 min at 60° gave I (R = Me, R1 = Cl, m = 4) [5358-06-5] in 80% yield (based on IV). .