Reference

Final report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben

Final report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Assoc., Washington, DC, USA). J. Am. Coll. Toxicol., 3(5), 147-209 (English) 1984. CODEN: JACTDZ. ISSN: 0730-0913. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 62 (Essential Oils and Cosmetics) Esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) are the most commonly used preservatives in cosmetic formulations. Parabens are rapidly adsorbed, metabolized, and excreted. Acute chronic and subchronic toxicity studies in animals indicate that they are practically nontoxic by various routes of administration. Methylparaben [99-76-3] and ethylparaben [120-47-8] at 100% concn. were slightly irritating in the eyes of rabbits. The parabens are nonmutagenic in in vitro tests. Methylparaben was noncarcinogenic when injected in rodents or when administered intravaginally in rats. Cocarcinogenesis studies on propylparaben [94-13-3] and methylparaben were neg. Teratogenic studies on methyl- and ethylparaben also were neg. Parabens are practically nonirritating and nonsensitizing in humans with normal skin. Paraben sensitization has been reported when paraben-contg. medicaments were applied to damage or broken skin. Photocontract sensitization and phototoxicity tests on product formations of methyl-, propyl-, and/or butylparaben [94-26-8] gave no evidence of significant photoreactivity. Thus, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practice of use.

Isotachophoretic determination of preservatives

Isotachophoretic determination of preservatives. Eichler, D.; Rubach, K. (Inst. Lebensmittelchem., Tech. Univ. Berlin, Berlin D-1000/12, Fed. Rep. Ger.). Anal. Prep. Isotachophoresis, Proc., Int. Symp. Isotachophoresis, 3rd, Meeting Date 1982, 117-24. Edited by: Holloway, Christopher J. de Gruyter: Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger. (English) 1984. CODEN: 52ORAU. DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference CA Section: 17 (Food and Feed Chemistry) A method was developed for the quant. detn. of the preservatives sorbic acid [110-44-1], benzoic acid [65-85-0], methyl- [99-76-3], ethyl- [120-47-8], propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid [94-13-3], formic acid [64-18-6] and propionic acid [79-09-4] in one step by isotachophoretic anal. Sepn. of preservatives from the food-matrix, mainly from the lipid phase, was performed by using Extrelut-columns. The whole anal. procedure is short and recoveries for the preservatives in the samples tested are very good. Detn. is possible in a wide concn. range which virtually covers all concns. used in com. practice.