Detail of "1328-24-1"

Reference

Effect of tracer dyes on initial deposits and persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp

Effect of tracer dyes on initial deposits and persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki toxin after application of two commercial formulations onto spruce trees. Sundaram, K. M. S.; Sundaram, A.; Sloane, L. (Canadaian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. 1328-24-1 and 184306-09-0 are also occured in this study. marie, ON P6A 5M7, Can.). Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, B31(6), 1341-1362 (English) 1996 Dekker. CODEN: JPFCD2. ISSN: 0360-1234. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) The effect of two tracer dyes [Erio Acid Red (EAR) and Acid Black 48 (AB-48)] on initial deposits and persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) toxin (delta-endotoxin) was studied after spraying two com. formulations, Foray 48B and Foray 76B, over potted white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings, at a dosage rate of 30 billion IU (BIU) per ha. Spray was applied using a spinning disk atomizer calibrated to deliver droplet sizes similar to those utilized in ultra-low-vol. (ULV) treatments in operational insect control programs. The sprayed seedlings were left outdoors at the Sault Ste. Marie lab. for 18 days under natural conditions of sunlight, wind and rainfall. Initial deposits and persistence of delta-endotoxin protein in spruce foliage were detd. by immunoassay (ELISA) quantification of the delta-endotoxin. The total protein (inactive plus active) and delta-endotoxin (active protein) concns. in two formulations were detd. by a gravimetric procedure and by ELISA resp. The initial deposit levels of the toxin on foliage were not markedly affected by the addn. of either of the two tracer dyes, and showed only a narrow range of 1521 to 1625 ng/g foliage (fresh wt.) for Foray 48B, and 1789 to 2056 ng/g for Foray 76B. However, the persistence of the toxin was significantly influenced by the presence of the dyes. The toxin persisted in foliage only for 7 d post-spray when the EAR dye was added to Foray 48B, compared to 10 d when no dye was added. The av. half-life (DT50) of disappearance was 17.4 h for Foray 48B with EAR, and 20.9 h when no dye was present. In contrast, the situation was reversed in Foray 76B, since the duration of persistence was 10 d when EAR was added to Foray 76B, compared to 7 of when no dye was added. The av. DT50 was 27.9 h for Foray 76B with EAR, and 22.2 h without the dye. Persistence was the longest (14 d) when the AB-48 dye was added to Foray 76B, and the DT50 was 44.9 h. .