Reference

Naftopidil monotherapy vs naftopidil and an anticholinergic agent combined therapy for storage symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective randomized controlled study

All Rights Reserved. Naftopidil monotherapy vs naftopidil and an anticholinergic agent combined therapy for storage symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective randomized controlled study. Maruyama, Osamu; Kawachi, Yoshio; Hanazawa, Kisaburo; Koizumi, Kazuo; Yamashita, Ryo; Sugimura, Sosuke; Honda, Shin-Ichi; Sugiyama, Yoshiki; Saitoh, Toshihiko; Noto, Kensho (Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan). International Journal of Urology, 13(10), 1280-1285 (English) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. CODEN: IJURF3. ISSN: 0919-8172. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a1-adrenoceptor (a1-AR) antagonist monotherapy with combination therapy using a1-AR antagonist and anticholinergic agent for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with storage symptoms as the chief complaint. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, either 25-75 mg/day of naftopidil monotherapy (monotherapy group) or combination therapy using 25-75 mg/day of naftopidil and an anticholinergic agent (10-20 mg/day of propiverine hydrochloride or 2-6 mg/day of oxybutynin hydrochloride; cotherapy group) were administered for 12 wk to 101 BPH patients with storage symptoms. Results: International prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) index improved significantly in both groups, with no marked differences between groups. Maximum flow rate (Qmax) and residual urine vol. (RUV) tended to improve in both groups, again with no marked differences between groups. However, median post-therapeutic RUV was significantly worse for the cotherapy group (45.0 mL) than for the monotherapy group (13.5 mL; P = 0.0210). Ratio of patients with increased RUV was also significantly worse for cotherapy (22.9%) than for monotherapy (5.0%; P = 0.038). Conclusions: Although the anticholinergic dosage was low, the present results suggest that naftopidil monotherapy was as useful as combination therapy of naftopidil and an anticholinergic agent. Therefore, naftopidil is a useful agent as the first choice in BPH patients with storage symptoms.Except for chemicals metioned above, 57149-07-2 and 1508-65-2 are also used. .

The Effect of Film Thickness on Thermal Aerosol Generation

All Rights Reserved. The Effect of Film Thickness on Thermal Aerosol Generation. Myers, Dan J.; Timmons, Ryan D.; Lu, Amy T.; Hale, Ron L.; Solas, Dennis W.; Soni, Pravin; Rabinowitz, Josh D. (Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA). Pharmaceutical Research, 24(2), 336-342 (English) 2007 Springer. CODEN: PHREEB. ISSN: 0724-8741. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 63 (Pharmaceuticals) Rapid heating of thin films of pharmaceutical compds. can vaporize the mols., which leads to formation of aerosol particles of optimal size for pulmonary drug delivery. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of coated film thickness on the purity of a thermally generated (condensation) drug aerosol. Pharmaceuticals in their free base form were spray-coated onto stainless steel foils and subsequently heated and vaporized in airflow via a rapid resistive heating of the foil. Aerosol particles were collected on filters, extd., and analyzed using reverse phase HPLC to assess the amt. 20594-83-6 and 1508-65-2 are cas registry numbers of chemicals which are used as reagents here. of degrdn. induced during the vaporization process. Condensation aerosols of five pharmaceuticals were formed from a wide range of film coating thicknesses. All five showed a roughly linear trend of increasing aerosol purity with decreasing film thickness, although with quite different slopes. These findings are consistent with a model based on general vaporization and degrdn. kinetics. Small non-uniformities in the film do not significantly alter aerosol purity. Rapid vaporization of pharmaceuticals coated as thin films on substrates is an efficient way of generating drug aerosols. By controlling the film thickness, the amt. of aerosol decompn. can be minimized to produce high purity aerosols. .