Detail of "155-97-5"

Reference

Toxicity of anticholinesterases: interactions of pyridostigmine and physostigmine with soman

Toxicity of anticholinesterases: interactions of pyridostigmine and physostigmine with soman. Harris, L. W.; Lennox, W. J.; Talbot, B. G.; Anderson, D. R.; Swanson, D. R. (US Army Med. Res. Inst. Chem. Def., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA). Drug Chem. Toxicol. (1977), 7(5), 507-26 (English) 1984. CODEN: DCTODJ. ISSN: 0148-0545. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Ambulatory activity in a photocell cage (AA) and performance time on an accelerating rotarod (ARR) were used to test for interactions between pyridostigmine [155-97-5] or physostigmine [57-47-6] and soman [96-64-0]. ED50 values (i.e., dosages sufficient to reduce ARR time and AA to 50% of controls) were detd. The ED50 values (mg/kg) in the ARR test were 3.2, 0.21, and 0.072 for pyridostigmine, physostigmine, and soman, resp., whereas in the AA test the corresponding values were 1.8, 0.072, and 0.060, resp. In the ARR test, the ED50 value of soman was lower by 11% with pyridostigmine pretreatment and by 94% with physostigmine. Although additivity was most often found at higher dosages of pyridostigmine and physostigmine, at the behavioral deficit-free dosages little or no adverse interaction was found between pyridostigmine or physostigmine and low levels of soman.

Protection against both lethal and behavioral effects of soman

Protection against both lethal and behavioral effects of soman. Harris, L. W.; McDonough, J. H., Jr.; Stitcher, D. L.; Lennox, W. J. (U. S. Army Med. Res. Inst. Chem. Def., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5425, USA). Drug Chem. Toxicol. (1977), 7(6), 605-24 (English) 1984. CODEN: DCTODJ. ISSN: 0148-0545. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) This work developed 2 drug mixts. which alone had no effect on the performance of a criterion behavior but when given as a pretreatment would protect against organophosphate-induced lethality and incapacitation. Candidate drugs (alone and together) were given to rats trained to respond on a 2-component Fixed Ratio 10 - Extinction (FR10-EXT) schedule. After generating dose-response curves for each cholinolytic drug, mixts. of atropine (A) [51-55-8] + mecamylamine (M) [60-40-2] + pyridostigmine (Py) [155-97-5] or physostigmine (Ph) [57-47-6] were prepd. and a combination of doses that produced no effects on operant performance was detd. (Mix I: A = 0.78, M = 0.78, Py = 0.056 mg/kg; Mix II: A = 0.78, M = 0.78, Ph = 0.026 mg/kg). Both pretreatment mixts. provided equiv. protection against the lethal effects of the organophosphate soman [96-64-0]; however, only Mix II was capable of reversing soman-induced phys. incapacitation (PI) as assessed by performance on an accelerating rotarod or FR10 responding. Pretreatment of animals with Mix II resulted in significantly higher levels of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) [9000-81-1] than Mix I-pretreated subjects 4 h after 1.3 LD50 soman, although peripheral AChE levels were not different. Thus, organophosphate-induced PI can be attenuated by pretreatment with tertiary carbamates which protect significant amts. of brain AChE from irreversible inhibition.