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Basic Information

Molecular Structure:
CAS No.:	156-62-7
Name:	Calcium cyanamide
Article Data:	378

Formula:	CCaN₂
Molecular Weight:	80.1024
Synonyms:	Calciumcyanamide (7CI);Alzodef;Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2);Cy-L 500;Cyanamid;Lime nitrogen;Nitrogen lime;Nitrolim;Nitrolime;Perlka;
EINECS:	205-861-8
Density:	2.29 g/cm³
Melting Point:	>300 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point:	258.5 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:	42.1 °C
Solubility:	insoluble H2O, but undergoes hydrolysis releasing acetylene and ammonia [HAW93] [MER06]
Appearance:	Black powder or granular
Hazard Symbols:	Xn
Risk Codes:	22-37-41-15
Safety:	26-39-43-36/37/39-22
Transport Information:	UN 1403
PSA:	36.15000
LogP:	0.20038

Synthetic route

: calcium cyanide

A: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

B: 7440-44-0
pyrographite

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With nitrogen In neat (no solvent) heating at 600°C for 2.5 h; color change from grey to black;;	A 100% B 100%
With nitrogen In neat (no solvent) heating at 600°C for 30 min; color change from grey to black;;	A 99.1% B 99.1%
With nitrogen In neat (no solvent) heating at 400°C for 5 h; color change from grey to black;;	A 51.8% B 51.8%
With nitrogen In neat (no solvent) heating at 400°C for 30 min; color change from grey to black;;	A 32.8% B 32.8%
In neat (no solvent) decompn.;;

: 74-90-8
hydrogen cyanide

: calcium oxide

A: 201230-82-2
carbon monoxide

B: 1333-74-0
hydrogen

C: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) equilibrium; at 800°C on right side;; pure product;;	A n/a B n/a C 99%
In neat (no solvent) equilibrium; at 800°C on right side;; pure product;;	A n/a B n/a C 99%
In neat (no solvent)
In neat (no solvent)

...Expand

: 773837-37-9
sodium cyanide

: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With calcium chloride; iron In neat (no solvent) at 570°C, 3h;;	82%
With CaCl2; iron In neat (no solvent) at 570°C, 3h;;	82%
With calcium chloride In neat (no solvent) at 570°C, 30h;;	21.3%

: graphite

: calcium nitride

A: calcium cyanide

B: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) 3 h heating of Ca3N2 and graphite at 1180°C; quenching;;	A 6.5% B 68%
In neat (no solvent) equil.; 3 h heating at 1180°C; quenching with cold water;;	A 6.5% B 68%
In neat (no solvent) 3 h heating of Ca3N2 and graphite at 1180°C; quenching;;	A 6.5% B 68%
In neat (no solvent) equil.; 5 h heating at 1060°C; quenching with cold water;;	A 6.7% B 58%

...Expand

: calcium cyanate

: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO2; 15 h heating at 410°C in vac.;;	23.7%
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: CO2; 15 h heating at 375-380°C;;	8.5%

: 7727-37-9
nitrogen

: 75-20-7
calcium carbide

A: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

B: 7440-44-0
pyrographite

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) at 1200°C; equilibrium depends on temp.; divariante equilibrium with N2 and C phases and soln. of CaC2 in CaCN2 or CaO;;	A 21% B n/a
In neat (no solvent) conducting process in presence of CaF2; kiln described;;
In neat (no solvent) Frank Caro apparatus described;;

...Expand

: 460-19-5
ethanedinitrile

CaO: CaO

A: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

B CO: CO

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 800℃; Waermetoenung;
at 800℃;

...Expand

CaC2: CaC2

: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With nitrogen zur technischen Gewinnung;
With nitrogen Einfluss der Koernung des verwendeten Calciumcarbids und der Menge der Katalysatoren (CaF2,CaCl2,Aktivkohle,Thomasschlacke,CaCN2) auf die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung;
With nitrogen zur technischen Gewinnung;

calcium carbamate: calcium carbamate

: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With carbon dioxide; ammonia at 600 - 800℃;
With carbon monoxide; ammonia at 600 - 800℃;
With ammonia at 600 - 800℃;

: 124-38-9
carbon dioxide

calcium carbonate: calcium carbonate

: 156-62-7
calcium cyanamide

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With ammonia at 750℃;
With ammonia at 750℃; Wiederverwendung der Restgase;
With ammonia at 750℃;
With ammonia at 750℃; vorhergehendes teilweises oder vollstaendiges Brennen der Carbonate;

Raw Materials

75-20-7

420-05-3

460-19-5

7440-44-0

544-17-2

74-90-8

Downstream Products

113-00-8

420-04-2

141-83-3

21729-98-6

7440-44-0

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Chemistry

Product Name: Calcium cyanamide (CAS NO.156-62-7)

Molecular Formula: CCaN₂
Molar mass: 80.10 g/mol
EINECS: 205-861-8
Density: 2.29 g/cm³
Flash Point: 42.1 °C
Melting point: 1340 °C
Water solubility: Reacts
Boiling Point: 1150-1200 °C (sublim.)
Appearance: White solid (Often gray or black from impurities)
Solubility: soluble in water, alcohol, acetone
H-Bond Donor: 1
H-Bond Acceptor: 2
Structure Descriptors of Calcium cyanamide (CAS NO.156-62-7):
IUPAC Name: calcium cyanamide
Canonical SMILES: C(#N)N.[Ca+2]
InChI: InChI=1S/CH2N2.Ca/c2-1-3;/h2H2;/q;+2
InChIKey: STRTXDFFNXSZQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Categories: Pharmaceutical Intermediates; Inorganics

Uses

The main use of Calcium cyanamide (CAS NO.156-62-7) is in agriculture as a fertilizer. In contact with water it decomposes and liberates ammonia:
CaCN₂ + 3 H₂O → 2 NH₃ + CaCO₃
It was used in the preparation of melamine and calcium cyanide.And it can also be used to produce sodium cyanide by fusing with sodium carbonate, which was used in cyanide process in gold mining:
CaCN₂ + Na₂CO₃→ 2 NaCN + CaO + O₂

Production

Calcium cyanamide (CAS NO.156-62-7) is formed when calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen.
CaC₂ + N₂→ CaCN₂+ C
The reaction takes place in large steel chambers. An electric carbon element heats the reactants to red heat. Nitrogen is pressurised at 2 atmospheres.

Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Source
human	LDLo	oral	571mg/kg (571mg/kg)	"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 149, 1969.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	100mg/kg (100mg/kg)	National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD277-689,
mouse	LD50	intravenous	282mg/kg (282mg/kg)	Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 304, 1982.
mouse	LD50	oral	334mg/kg (334mg/kg)	Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 304, 1982.
rabbit	LD50	oral	1400mg/kg (1400mg/kg)	Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. Vol. -, Pg. 174, 1966.
rabbit	LD50	skin	590mg/kg (590mg/kg)	"Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," 3rd ed., Grayson, M., and D. Eckroth, eds. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978Vol. 7, Pg. 291, 1979.
rat	LC50	inhalation	> 150mg/m3/4H (150mg/m3)	"Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc of Chemistry, 1983-86Vol. A053, Pg. 1984,
rat	LD50	intravenous	125mg/kg (125mg/kg)	Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 304, 1982.
rat	LD50	oral	158mg/kg (158mg/kg)	Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 304, 1982.
rat	LD50	unreported	1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)	Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. Vol. 6, Pg. 73, 1973.

Consensus Reports

NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed); No Evidence: mouse, rat NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. (Bethesda, MD 20014) No. NCI-CG-TR-163 ,1979. . Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic to humans by ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. The fatal dose, by ingestion, is probably around 20 to 30 g for an adult. It does not have a cyanide effect. Calcium cyanamide is not believed to have a cumulative action. Flammable. Reaction with water forms the explosive acetylene gas. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x and CN⁻. See also CALCIUM COMPOUNDS, AMIDES, and CYANIDE.
Safety Information of Calcium cyanamide (CAS NO.156-62-7):
Hazard Note: Harmful Irritant
Hazard Codes: Xn Harmful
Risk Statements:
22: Harmful if swallowed
37: Irritating to the respiratory system
41: Risk of serious damage to eyes
Safety Statements:
22: Do not breathe dust
26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
36: Wear suitable protective clothing
37: Wear suitable gloves
39: Wear eye/face protection

Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 0.5 mg/m³
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.5 mg/m³; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: 1 mg/m³
DOT Classification: 4.3; Label: Dangerous When Wet

Specification

Calcium cyanamide (CAS NO.156-62-7) also can be called Cyanamide calcium salt , UN 1403 , Lime Nitrogen , Nitrolime .It is a calcium compound used as fertiliser, first synthesized in 1898 by Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro.It is commercially known as Nitrolim.It crystalizes in hexagonal crystal system with space group R3m and lattice constants a = 3.67, c = 14.85 (.10-1 nm).