Reference

D-Aspartic acid and L-amino acids in the neural system of the amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum

All Rights Reserved. D-Aspartic acid and L-amino acids in the neural system of the amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum.In this study， 73-32-5 and 56-84-8 are also used. D'Aniello, S.; Garcia-Fernandez, J. (Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain). Amino Acids, 32(1), 21-26 (English) 2007 Springer Wien. CODEN: AACIE6. ISSN: 0939-4451. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 12 (Nonmammalian Biochemistry) The lancelet (amphioxus), a cephalochordate, is the closest invertebrate relative to vertebrates, with a simple vertebrate-like body plan and a prototypical genome. We have detd. D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) and major free L-amino acids (L-AAs) content in the nervous system (neural tube) of the European amphioxus B. lanceolatum, and have compared these values with those of mollusks and human brain. The B. lanceolatum neural tube contains relatively high amts. of L-Glu, L-Asp, L-Ala, and L-Gly. Thus, the amphioxus neural tube has in common with the molluscan and human nervous systems the presence of appreciable amts. of L-Glu and L-Asp, which suggests that they are the most common neurotransmitters among these phylogenetically distant animal groups. The relatively high concn. of L-Ala in amphioxus is consistent with that found in molluscs and the low concn. of taurine is consistent with that described in the human brain. The D-Asp concn., very high in the molluscan nervous system, was rather low in amphioxus, although a little higher than the extremely low amts. obsd. in the human brain. Our data on free amino acids compn. is in agreement with the intermediate phylogenetic position of cephalochordates, in terms of the evolutionary transition from simple to complex neural systems. .

Biosynthesis mechanism and property of peptides and proteins containing D-amino acids

Biosynthesis mechanism and property of peptides and proteins containing D-amino acids. Kurokawa, Yoichi; Soda, Kenji (HSP Res. Inst., Kyoto 600, Japan). Baiosaiensu to Indasutori, 54(12), 847-852 (Japanese) 1996 Baioindasutori Kyokai. CODEN: BIDSE6. ISSN: 0914-8981. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section: 13 (Mammalian Biochemistry) A review with 34 refs. Physiol. active peptides, bacterial cell wall peptide glucan and antibiotics of cephalosporin C and glamicidine, are known to contain D-amino acids incorporated directly via post-translational synthesis by enzyme complex. Analgesic delmorphine isolated from frog skin contains D-alanine or D-methionine residue at the 2nd position from N-terminal. These two D-amino acids are made by decoding GCG and ATG codons. Senile change is thought to be related to the accumulation of D-amino acid residues in proteins. D-Aspartic acid found in senile changed human brain and eye lens is made by isomerization of succinimide. Me transferase is reported to repair the senile changed proteins by conversion of succinimide or D-aspartic acid to L-aspartic acid. It is reasonable to conclude that D-amino acids are incorporated directly into peptides after post-translational modification .