Reference

Effects of phagocytosis on antibiotic and nucleoside uptake by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Effects of phagocytosis on antibiotic and nucleoside uptake by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Steinberg, Thomas H.; Hand, W. Lee (Atlanta Veterans Adm. Med. Cent., Decatur, GA 30033, USA). J. Infect. Dis., 149(3), 397-403 (English) 1984. CODEN: JIDIAQ. ISSN: 0022-1899. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) The ability of antibiotics to enter phagocytes during infection with facultative intracellular organisms was investigated using an in vitro model. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) were incubated with ingestible particles or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), after which radiolabeled antibiotics were added to the cell suspension. Antibiotic uptake, detd. by a velocity-gradient centrifugation technique, was expressed as the cellular:extracellular (C/E) antibiotic concn. ratio. Phagocytosis or PMA exposure enhanced PMNL clindamycin [18323-44-9] uptake (for example, C/E ratio of 12 for controls vs. 30 after zymosan). Entry of penicillin [61-33-6] was unaffected and erythromycin [114-07-8] uptake was slightly decreased after phagocytosis. Because clindamycin uptake by phagocytes is mediated by the nucleoside transport system, adenosine [58-61-7] uptake after phagocytosis was studied. Adenosine uptake was stimulated by phagocytosis, and this increase was inhibited by clindamycin. Thus, clindamycin uptake, mediated by the nucleoside transport system, was augmented by phagocytosis.

Prevention of clindamycin-induced mortality in hamsters by Saccharomyces boulardii

Prevention of clindamycin-induced mortality in hamsters by Saccharomyces boulardii. Toothaker, Roger D.; Elmer, Gary W. (Dep. Pharm., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26(4), 552-6 (English) 1984. CODEN: AMACCQ. ISSN: 0066-4804. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) Section cross-reference(s): 10 S. boulardii, A yeast used in a no. of countries for general and antibiotic-assocd. gastrointestinal illnesses, was examd. for possible application in the prevention of clindamycin [18323-44-9]-induced mortality in the hamster colitis model. Hamsters were given free access to an aq. 5% suspension of lyophilized yeast for 3 days before and 10 days after administration of a single oral clindamycin dose of from 0.2 to 0.8 mg/kg. Mortality was recorded in groups of 7 to 20 animals every 24 h for 10 to 30 days. Mean cecal concns. of S. boulardii were greater than 106 CFU/mL throughout the yeast administration period. Yeast treatment significantly decreased cumulative percent mortality by an av. of 29%. Death onset was not affected by yeast treatment. Cecitis was present in 86% of moribund animals (N = 95) and was absent in all surviving animals examd. (N = 27). Toxigenic Clostridium difficle was isolated from 13 of 14 moribund hamsters examd. No adverse effects of the yeast treatment were obsd. in animals receiving S. boulardii without clindamycin.