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Atypical secondary compounds in the family Cruciferae: tests for toxicity to Pieris rapae, an adapted crucifer-feeding insect

Atypical secondary compounds in the family Cruciferae: tests for toxicity to Pieris rapae, an adapted crucifer-feeding insect.Some chemicals with cas registry numbers like 18444-66-1 and 24185-51-1 are also used. Usher, Barbara F.; Feeny, Paul (Dep. Entomol., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA). Entomol. Exp. Appl., 34(3), 257-65 (English) 1983. CODEN: ETEAAT. ISSN: 0013-8703. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 11 (Plant Biochemistry) Section cross-reference(s): 12 In addn. to the glucosinolates typical of the family, some cruciferous plants contain atypical secondary compds. such as alkaloids, cucurbitacins, and cardenolides. Some of these, or close analogs, were tested for toxicity to larvae of P. rapae, which normally feeds on glucosinolate-contg. plants. Growth was measured as a function of food consumption, and larvae fed exptl. chem. or plant exts. were compared with those fed a control diet. Compds. assayed were k-strophanthin, lunarine (an alkaloid from seeds of Lunaria annua), and a mixt. of cucurbitacin I and cucurbitacin E; in addn., 2 exts. of L. annua leaf were assayed. Compds. were tested at concns. that have been measured in plant material. No evidence of toxicity was found for any compd. or ext. Growth for a given consumption was actually increased relative to the control for the larvae fed k-strophanthin and for those fed the mixt. of cucurbitacins E and I. Actual consumption was significantly depressed relative to controls on diet contg. an EtOH ext. of L. annua leaf. Thus, none of the tested atypical compds. are effective as toxicol. defenses against P. rapae larvae, although compds. present in the EtOH ext. of L. annua leaf may deter feeding. Lunarine was present in cotyledons of L. annua after germination, but it was not detected in roots or in foliage leaves. .

Western corn rootworm adult and spotted cucumber beetle associations with Cucurbita and cucurbitacins

Western corn rootworm adult and spotted cucumber beetle associations with Cucurbita and cucurbitacins. Howe, W. L.; Sanborn, J. R.; Rhodes, A. M. (Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv., Urbana, Ill., USA). Environ.Some commonly used reagents like 18444-66-1 is used in this experiment. Entomol., 5(6), 1043-8 (English) 1976. CODEN: EVETBX. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 11 (Plant Biochemistry) The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera, demonstrated strong affinities for aggregation and feeding on the foliage of certain wild Cucurbita species with relatively high concns. of cucurbitacin "bitter principles". Most preferred were xerophytic species of the Digitata group (C. digitata, C. cylindrata, and C. palmata) and mesophytic species of the Lundelliana group (C. lundelliana, C. okeechobeensis, and C. ecuadorensis). Xerophytic species were more susceptible to injury and seldom survived continuous 24-h exposure to natural infestations. The spotted cucumber beetle (SCB), D. undecimpunctata howardi, exhibited similar aggregation and feeding responses to wild mesophytic Cucurbita species with high cucurbitacin foliage but showed a more consistent feeding preference for cultivated species than the WCR. Both species preferred fruits of feral C. texana and C. andreana with high cucurbitacin over non-bitter fruits of their cultivated relatives, C. pepo and C. maxima, resp. The combined plant and insect factors which interact to bring about SCB-WCR/Cucurbita assocns. obsd. here are discussed. .