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Basic Information
| CAS No.: | 20816-12-0 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Osmium tetroxide |
| Article Data: | 209 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | OsO4 |
| Molecular Weight: | 254.198 |
| Synonyms: | Osmic acid anhydride;Osmic acid;Perosmic acid anhydride; |
| EINECS: | 244-058-7 |
| Density: | 1.04 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 40 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 130 °C |
| Flash Point: | -40 °C |
| Solubility: | Soluble in chloroform, alcohol and ethers.Soluble in water, organic solvents, benzene, alcohol, ether, ammonium hydroxide, phosphorus oxychloride and carbon tetrachloride. |
| Appearance: | colorless or yellow solid |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 O,  T,  C,  T+,  Xi,  Xn,  F
|
| Risk Codes: | 8-23/24/25-40-34-26/27/28-42/43-11-67-66-36/37/38-19 |
| Safety: | 17-26-27-36/37/39-45-7/9-36/37-16-28-23 |
| Transport Information: | UN 3175 4.1/PG 2 |
| PSA: | 68.28000 |
| LogP: | -0.47520 |
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Osmium tetroxide
Chemistry
MF: OsO4 
MW: 254.23
mp: 40°C
bp: 130 °C
density: 1.04
Fp: -40 °C
storage temp.: Refrigerator
Appearence: pale yellow-brown crystalline solid
MW: 254.23
mp: 40°C
bp: 130 °C
density: 1.04
Fp: -40 °C
storage temp.: Refrigerator
Appearence: pale yellow-brown crystalline solid
Uses
In organic synthesis OSMIUM TETROXIDE is widely used to oxidise alkenes to the vicinal diols, adding two hydroxyl groups at the same side (syn addition). OSMIUM TETROXIDE is also used in catalytic amount in the Sharpless oxyamination to give vicinal amino-alcohols. In combination with sodium periodate, OSMIUM TETROXIDE is used for the oxidative cleavage of alkenes (Lemieux-Johnson oxidation) when the periodate serves both to cleave the diol formed by dihydroxylation, and to reoxidize the OsO3 back to OsO4.
OSMIUM TETROXIDE is a widely used staining agent used in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to provide contrast to the image. As a lipid stain, it is also useful in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an alternative to sputter coating. Its rapid killing abilities are used to quickly kill specimen like protozoa. OSMIUM TETROXIDE stabilizes many proteins by transforming them into gels without destroying structural features. OSMIUM TETROXIDE is also used as a stain for lipids in optical microscopy.
It is also used to stain copolymers preferentially, the best known example being block copolymers where one phase can be stained so as to show the microstructure of the material.
OSMIUM TETROXIDE is a widely used staining agent used in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to provide contrast to the image. As a lipid stain, it is also useful in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an alternative to sputter coating. Its rapid killing abilities are used to quickly kill specimen like protozoa. OSMIUM TETROXIDE stabilizes many proteins by transforming them into gels without destroying structural features. OSMIUM TETROXIDE is also used as a stain for lipids in optical microscopy.
It is also used to stain copolymers preferentially, the best known example being block copolymers where one phase can be stained so as to show the microstructure of the material.
Production
OSMIUM TETROXIDE is formed slowly when osmium powder reacts with O2 at 298 K. Reaction of bulk solid requires heating to 670 K.
Os + 2O2 → OsO4
Os + 2O2 → OsO4
Toxicity Data With Reference
| 1. | mrc-bcs 5 mmol/L | MUREAV Mutation Research. 77 (1980),109. | ||
| 2. | dns-ham:emb 200 µmol/L | MUREAV Mutation Research. 131 (1984),173. | ||
| 3. | ihl-man TCLo:133 µg/m3:EYE,PUL | BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 3 (1946),183. | ||
| 4. | ihl-rat LCLo:40 ppm/4H | SCCUR* Shell Chemical Company. Unpublished Report. (2401 Crow Canyon Rd., San Romon, CA 94583) | ||
| 5. | ipr-rat LD50:14,100 µg/kg | SCCUR* Shell Chemical Company. Unpublished Report. (2401 Crow Canyon Rd., San Romon, CA 94583) | ||
| 6. | orl-mus LD50:162 mg/kg | SCCUR* Shell Chemical Company. Unpublished Report. (2401 Crow Canyon Rd., San Romon, CA 94583) | ||
| 7. | ihl-mus LCLo:40 ppm/4H | SCCUR* Shell Chemical Company. Unpublished Report. (2401 Crow Canyon Rd., San Romon, CA 94583) | ||
| 8. | ipr-mus LD50:13,500 µg/kg | SCCUR* Shell Chemical Company. Unpublished Report. (2401 Crow Canyon Rd., San Romon, CA 94583) | ||
| 9. | ihl-rbt LCLo:1316 mg/m3/30M | JIDHAN Journal of Industrial Hygiene. 15 (1933),136. |
Consensus Reports
Community Right-To-Know List. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
Hazard Codes: O,T,C,T+,F,Xi,Xn
Risk Statements: 8-23/24/25-40-34-26/27/28-42/43-11-67-66-36/37/38-19
Safety Statements: 17-26-27-36/37/39-45-7/9-36/37-16-28-23
RIDADR: UN 3175 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: RN1140000
HazardClass: 6.1
PackingGroup: I
Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation and other eye effects and structural or functional changes in trachea or bronchi. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explodes on contact with 1-methylimidazole. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be hazardous. See also OSMIUM.
Risk Statements: 8-23/24/25-40-34-26/27/28-42/43-11-67-66-36/37/38-19
Safety Statements: 17-26-27-36/37/39-45-7/9-36/37-16-28-23
RIDADR: UN 3175 4.1/PG 2
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: RN1140000
HazardClass: 6.1
PackingGroup: I
Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation and other eye effects and structural or functional changes in trachea or bronchi. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explodes on contact with 1-methylimidazole. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be hazardous. See also OSMIUM.
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 0.0002 ppm; STEL 0.0006 ppm (Os)
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.0002 ppm; STEL 0.0006 ppm (Os)
DFG MAK: 0.0002 ppm (0.002 mg/m3)
DOT Classification: 6.1; Label: Poison
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.0002 ppm; STEL 0.0006 ppm (Os)
DFG MAK: 0.0002 ppm (0.002 mg/m3)
DOT Classification: 6.1; Label: Poison