Detail of "22189-08-8"

Reference

Effect of cryoprotectants on the stability and aerosol performance of nebulized aviscumine, a 57-kDa protein

Effect of cryoprotectants on the stability and aerosol performance of nebulized aviscumine, a 57-kDa protein. Steckel, Hartwig; Eskandar, Fadi; Witthohn, Klaus (Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany). European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 56(1), 11-21 (English) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.Several substances are used for example 9005-27-0 and 22189-08-8 which are their cas registry numbers. CODEN: EJPBEL. ISSN: 0939-6411. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 63 (Pharmaceuticals) Nebulization of aq. drug solns. is a suitable delivery system for pulmonary application of proteins because it can easily produce droplets small enough to reach the alveolar region. However, proteins are sensitive to nebulization. Therefore, stabilizers need to be added which on the other hand influence the aerosol performance, such as av. droplet size or mass output. This research presents the effect of various cryoprotectants such as Na-polyphosphate, CaCl2′6H2O and MgSO4′7H2O on the stability and aerosol performance of freeze-dried aviscumine after reconstitution and nebulization using 3 different nebulizers. Formulations contg. Tris-buffer, polysorbate 80, Na2-EDTA and HES450 were lyophilized and reconstituted with a buffered isotonic soln. contg. 100 mmol/l Tricine-buffer pH 8, 0.03% (w/v) octanoyl-N-methylglucamide, 150 mmol/l NaCl and a cryoprotectant. The aviscumine activity was detd. by a binding assay. The addn. of 0.2% Na-polyphosphate to the reconstitution medium led to retention of approx. 73% of the aviscumine activity after 20 min nebulization with the Systam ultrasonic nebulizer. It was obsd. that 84 and 72% of the activity were retained by the addn. of 10 mmol/l CaCl2′6H2O using PariBoy air-jet and Multisonic ultrasonic nebulizer, resp. In addn., a decrease in the mean droplet size with increasing the cryoprotectant concn. was obsd. A relationship between the av. droplet size, surface tension and viscosity depending on the used cryoprotectant type and concn. could be established. .

Thermal decomposition of sulfates

Thermal decomposition of sulfates. Nagata, Kenji (Coal Carbon Div., Natl. Res. Inst. Pollut. Resour., Kawaguchi, Japan). Kogai Shigen Kenkyusho Iho, 3(3), 41-56 (Japanese) 1974. CODEN: KSKID9. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 78 (Inorganic Chemicals and Reactions) DTA was applied to 7 kinds of sulfates for the purpose of investigating the thermal decompn. of a series of inorg. compds. Endothermic peaks obsd. in the thermographs of sulfates show 5 stages of thermal decompn. which arise from the thermal transitions of ionic crystal structures. But there is no endothermic peak which arises from dehydration. Two lower temps. of the 5 stages of thermal decompn. are closely related to ionic radii of metal ions. The smaller the ionic radii, the lower the temps. of thermal decompn. Two higher temps. of the 5 stages are strongly influenced by the pressures of the atm. The dehydration of crystal water was not found by DTA, although the samples had many mols. of crystal water. This suggests that crystal water of sulfates have vapor pressure if DTA of the sample with vacuum treatment differs from that of the sample without vacuum treatment.Except for chemicals metioned above, 22189-08-8 and 15244-37-8 are also used. .