Reference

Control of scale in sugar evaporation equipment

Control of scale in sugar evaporation equipment. Ralston, Paul H.; Whitney, Sandra L.; Walker, Jerry L. (Calgon Corp., USA). U.S. US 4452703 A 5 Jun 1984, 4 pp. Cont. of U.S. Ser. No. 344,422, abandoned. (English). (United States of America). CODEN: USXXAM. CLASS: IC: C02F005-10. NCL: 210698000. APPLICATION: US 83-497543 24 May 1983. PRIORITY: US 82-344422 1 Feb 1982. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 44 (Industrial Carbohydrates) In the evapn. of juices in sugar refinery, the addn. of polymaleic acid (I) [26099-09-2], amine-I adduct, phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid, phosphinecarboxylic acid, and acrylate copolymer inhibited scale formation. Thus, the addn. of 1.25 mg/L I gave 90% threshold inhibition for Ca phosphate..

Additives for soft water boilers

Additives for soft water boilers. (Katayama Chemical Works Co., Ltd., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 59092097 A2 28 May 1984 Showa, 14 pp. (Japanese). (Japan). CODEN: JKXXAF. CLASS: IC: C02F005-12. APPLICATION: JP 82-202429 17 Nov 1982. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 61 (Water) The additive contains (1) 31 compd. selected from molybdic acid, tungstic acid, HNO2, and their alkali salts; (2) a C37 aliph. hydroxcarboxylic acid or its alkali metal salt; (3) an inorg. heavy metal compd. having a high ionization tendency; (4) a water-sol. polymer (mol. wt. 500-100,000) selected from (a) a (co)polymer of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, and maleic acid, (b) a copolymer of an ethylenic compd. with 1 of the above monomers (monomer 320 mol%), and (c) a mixt. of the above (co)polymer; and (5) a C2-8 monoamine. The additives are esp. useful for preventing corrosion of (soft) steel in boilers and heat exchangers using soft water. Thus, an additive contg. Na2MoO4.2H2O 10, Na citrate [994-36-5] 15, MnSO4.4H2O 3, poly(maleic acid) [26099-09-2] (mol. wt. 1000) 2.5, and morpholine [110-91-8] 10 was added to soft water, and a soft steel test piece was soaked in the soln. A strongly anticorrosive coating formed on the test piece.