Detail of "300-85-6"

Reference

Physiology of appetite

Physiology of appetite. Humoral control of food intake mediated by hypothalamic chemical sensor. Oomura, Yutaka; Shimizu, Nobuaki (Sch. Med., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan). Kagaku to Seibutsu, 22(4), 228-41 (Japanese) 1984. CODEN: KASEAA. ISSN: 0453-073X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal; General Review CA Section: 2 (Mammalian Hormones) A review, with 45 refs., of the physiol. and pharmacol. effects of glucose [50-99-7], free fatty acids, glucagon [9007-92-5], calcitonin [9007-12-9], anorexigenic peptide (pyroglutamylhistidylglycine) [69275-10-1], histidylproline [20930-58-9], satietin [72026-83-6], and endogenous factors (3-hydroxybutyric acid [300-85-6], 2-deoxytetronic acid [1518-61-2] and 3-deoxypentonic acid [50480-12-1]) on the regulation of appetite based on the elec. potentials of glucose-receptor neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus.

The effects of metformin compared to the effects of phenformin on the lactate production and the metabolism of isolated parenchymal rat liver cell

The effects of metformin compared to the effects of phenformin on the lactate production and the metabolism of isolated parenchymal rat liver cell. Jalling, Olaf; Olsen, Christian (Inst. Physiol., Univ. Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Den.). Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 54(5), 327-32 (English) 1984. CODEN: APTOA6. ISSN: 0001-6683. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 1 (Pharmacology) Section cross-reference(s): 4 The metabolic effects of metformin [657-24-9] were compared to the effects of phenformin [114-86-3] on isolated parenchymal liver cells from fed and fasted rats with EtOH [64-17-5] or glycerol [56-81-5] as the only substrate. Both biguanides caused a fall in the hepatic O consumption, in the cellular ATP [56-65-5]-content and in the ATP-ADP [58-64-0]-ratio. The lactate [50-21-5] prodn. and the concn.-ratios of lactate-pyruvate [127-17-3] and of b-hydroxybutyrate [300-85-6]-acetoacetate [541-50-4] rose. The prodn. rate of ketone bodies remained unchanged. This response was the same whether the hepatocytes were from fed or fasted rats and whether glycerol or EtOH was the substrate. Only quant. differences in the response on the biguanides were detected. The effects of the biguanides were dose-dependent. Phenformin was 10 times more potent than metformin. The same holds for their therapeutical potency. The findings indicate inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation by both biguanides resulting in redn. of the cytoplasmic and the mitochondrial redox potentials causing enhanced lactate prodn. Apparently, metformin exerts the same effects as phenformin on the hepatic metab., when the concn. ratio is about 10 to 1. Both biguanides give rise to elevated lactate prodn. This effect is highly increased when EtOH is present. The relation of these results to the antidiabetic effect of metformin and phenformin is discussed.