Detail of "3761-53-3"

Reference

Long-term studies on chemically induced liver enlargement in the rat

Long-term studies on chemically induced liver enlargement in the rat. II. Transient induction of microsomal enzymes leading to liver damage and nodular hyperplasia produced by safrole and Ponceau MX. Crampton, R. F.; Gray, T. J. B.; Grasso, P.; Parke, D. V. (Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc., Carshalton/Surrey, Engl.). Toxicology, 7(3), 307-26 (English) 1977. CODEN: TXCYAC. ISSN: 0300-483X. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 17 (Foods) Section cross-reference(s): 4 Sequential biochem. and morphol. observations were made on the livers of rats fed a diet contg. 0.25% safrole [94-59-7] or 1.0% Ponceau MX [3761-53-3] for up to 85 wks. After administration of safrole for 7 days the relative liver wt. was increased and the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes was markedly enhanced. This enzyme induction was short-lived, however, and continued administration of safrole led to inhibition of drug-metabolizing activity. Despite this, the liver remained enlarged and concns.of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome b5 and microsomal protein were markedly elevated. During the initial phase of enzyme induction no histochem. or morphol. abnormalities were evident but the loss of this inductive response was assocd. with histochem. and ultrastructural evidence of liver damage. The enlarged liver produced by Ponceau MX was initially accompanied by moderate induction of the drug-metabolizing enzymes followed by a gradual reversal as treatment continued. Histochem. evidence of liver damage was encountered after only 1 wk of treatment. The early cytol. changes produced by both compds. were followed by the development of fatty change, cell necrosis and, ultimately, hepatic nodules. The relation between an absence of sustained enzyme induction and the development of pathol. changes in the enlarged liver is discussed.

Mutagenicity of benzidine and benzidine-congener dyes and selected monoazo dyes in a modified Salmonella assay

Mutagenicity of benzidine and benzidine-congener dyes and selected monoazo dyes in a modified Salmonella assay. Prival, Michael J.; Bell, Sandra J.; Mitchell, Valerie D.; Peiperl, Martha D.; Vaughan, Vicki L. (Genet. Toxicol. Branch, Food Drug Adm., Washington, DC 20204, USA). Mutat. Res., 136(1), 33-47 (English) 1984. CODEN: MUREAV. ISSN: 0027-5107. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Section cross-reference(s): 41 The mutagenic activity of a series of diazo compds. derived from benzidine [92-87-5] and its congeners o-tolidine [119-93-7], o-dianisidine [119-90-4], and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine [91-94-1] as well as several monoazo compds. were studied. The test system used was a modification of the std. Ames/Salmonella assay in which FMN, hamster liver S9, and a preincubation step are used to facilitate azo redn. and detection of the resulting mutagenic arom. amines. All of the benzidine and o-tolidine dyes tested were clearly mutagenic. The o-dianisidine dyes except for Direct Blue 218 [28407-37-6] were also mutagenic. Direct Blue 218 is a Cu complex of the mutagenic o-dianisidine dye Direct Blue 15. Pigment Yellow 12 [6358-85-6], which is derived from 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, could not be detected as mutagenic, presumably because of its lack of soly. in the test reaction mixt. Of the monoazo dyes tested, methyl orange was clearly mutagenic, while C.I. Acid Red 26 [3761-53-3] and Acid Dye [3564-09-8] had marginal to weak mutagenic activity. Several com. dye samples had greater mutagenic activity with the modified test protocol than did equimolar quantities of their mutagenic arom. amine redn. products. Investigation of this phenomenon for Direct Black 38 [1937-37-7] and trypan blue [72-57-1] showed that it was due to the presence of mutagenic impurities in these samples. The modified method used appears to be suitable for testing the mutagenicity of azo dyes, and it may also be useful for monitoring the presence of mutagenic or potentially carcinogenic impurities in otherwise nonmutagenic azo dyes.