Detail of "442-51-3"

Reference

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: tryptamine and b-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: tryptamine and b-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca. McKenna, Dennis J.; Towers, G. H. N.; Abbott, F. (Dep. Bot., Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Can.). J. Ethnopharmacol., 10(2), 195-223 (English) 1984. CODEN: JOETD7. ISSN: 0378-8741. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 63 (Pharmaceuticals) Section cross-reference(s): 1, 11 Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage derived by boiling the bark of the Malpighiaceous liana Banisteriopsis caapi together with the leaves of various admixt. plants, viz. Psychotria viridis, P. carthagenensis or Diplopterys cabrerana. B. caapi Contains harmine [442-51-3], harmaline [304-21-2], and tetrahydroharmine [17019-01-1] while the admixts. contain N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) [61-50-7]. The constituents of the admixt. plants and the alkaloids of 8 Ayahuasca samples from Peru were qual. and quant. analyzed by using 2-dimensional TLC, HPLC and gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Several B. caapi cultivars were quant. compared for variations in alkaloid content. Three admixt. plants used rarely in the manuf. of Ayahuasca were also screened for alkaloids. A selected sample of b-carbolines was screened for activity as MAO [9001-66-5] inhibitors using an in vitro assay system, and structure/activity relationships were compared. Inhibition obsd. with single compds. was compared with the activity of selected samples of Ayahuasca which were screened in the system and also with the activity of mixts. of b-carbolines. The levels of DMT and b-carbolines found in the Ayahuasca samples were an order of magnitude greater than the levels reported in a previous study. Ayahuasca was an extremely effective inhibitor of MAO in vitro and the degree of inhibition was directly correlated with the concn. of MAO-inhibiting b-carbolines. Inhibition expts. using mixts. of b-carbolines indicated that their effects in combination are additive, rather than synergistic or antagonistic. Implications of the results in understanding the pharmacol. of Ayahuasca are discussed.

Estimation of harmine and its derivatives by HPLC: correlation of brain harmine levels with jumping behavior in rats

Estimation of harmine and its derivatives by HPLC: correlation of brain harmine levels with jumping behavior in rats. Moroi, Kayoko; Kuga, Tetsuro (Res. Inst. Chemobiodyn., Chiba Univ., Chiba 280, Japan). Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 43(1), 33-41 (English) 1987. CODEN: JJPAAZ. ISSN: 0021-5198. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Brain harmine [442-51-3] was detd. by HPLC and the relationship between brain harmine concns., and jumping behavior induced by harmine and apomorphine was investigated. The detection limit of harmine was 0.05 pmole. In rats treated with 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg of harmine, the concns. of harmine in the brain cortex were 9.0, 21.3, and 43.1 nmole/g tissue, resp. There was a direct relation between the brain harmine concns. and the jumping activity. This relation was obsd. in washed membranes in which about 40% of the harmine in whole homogenate was present. Tissue subfractionation showed that 30% of the harmine in whole brain homogenates was in the P2 fraction, and of this, 70% was located in the synaptosomes. The brain homogenate did not metabolize harmine and no metabolite was detected in the brain 10 min after treatment with harmine and apomorphine. These results suggest that harmine itself, but not its metabolites, may be responsible for inducing the jumping behavior and that the jumping activity is correlated with brain harmine concns.