Reference

Antidotes and neuropathic potential of isofenphos

Antidotes and neuropathic potential of isofenphos. Wilson, B. W.; Hooper, M.; Chow, E.; Higgins, R. J.; Knaak, J. B. (Sch. Vet. Med., Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 33(4), 386-94 (English) 1984. CODEN: BECTA6. ISSN: 0007-4861. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) The LD50 of isofenphos (I) [25311-71-1] was between 3 and 5 mg/kg for White Leghorn hens and ~40 mg/kg for male rats. Symptoms were those expected of an organophosphorus ester, i.e., tremors, weakness, and gasping. Chickens exhibited extensive salivation; rats showed piloerection. Death did not always occur rapidly; some rats died up to 4 days after treatment. In both animals, repeated doses of atropine [51-55-8] and 2-pralidoxime [51-15-0] raised the levels of the LDs of I. Strong evidence of the neuropathic potential of I was obtained when the brains of treated animals were examd. for neurotoxic esterase [9013-79-0] (NTE) activity. The inhibition of NTE of the Leghorns was 64% at 100 mg/kg 1 day after treatment.

2-PAM chloride, HI 6, and HGG 12 in soman and tabun poisoning

2-PAM chloride, HI 6, and HGG 12 in soman and tabun poisoning. Boskovic, Bogdan; Kovacevic, Veljko; Jovanovic, Dusan (Med. Dep., Milit. Tech. Inst., Belgrade 11000, Yugoslavia). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 4(2, Pt. 2), 106-15 (English) 1984. CODEN: FAATDF. ISSN: 0272-0590. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 4 (Toxicology) Acute s.c. toxicity of soman [96-64-0] increased in the order, mice ? rats ? guinea pigs ? dogs, being 12.6 times more toxic to dogs (LD50 = 0.05 mmol/kg) than to mice. It was 2.8 times more toxic than tabun [77-81-6] to mice and 35 times more toxic to dogs. HI 6 (I) [34433-31-3] was the least toxic and had similar toxicity values to the 4 animal species studied and HGG 12 [65320-89-0] the most toxic of the 3 oximes used. HI 6, HGG 12, and 2-PAM chloride [51-15-0] (in conjunction with atropine [51-55-8] and diazepam [439-14-5]) had the best protective effect in soman-poisoned dogs, with the resp. protective indexes of 9, 6.3, and 3.5, followed by guinea pigs. In tabun poisoning the best, but relatively low, protective effect was found only in guinea pigs. The introduction of diazepam increased the protective effects of atropine-oxime combination in soman and tabun poisoning by 10-80%. High toxicity of soman and low toxicity of HI 6 may be anticipated in man. The inefficiency of HI 6, HGG 12, and 2-PAM chloride in tabun poisoning points either to a search for new compds. or to the use of mixts. of oximes effective against known chem. warfare nerve agents.